[PATCH 2/2] docs: Rewrite deployment guide
Stephen Finucane
stephen.finucane at intel.com
Sun Feb 14 06:54:08 AEDT 2016
The existing deployment could do with a little bit of fleshing out.
Do this, adding notes about the possibility of sidestepping much of
the process using deployment tools or PaaS solutions.
This also drops notes on deploying using MySQL/MariaDB or non-Ubuntu
distros. While it would be good to cover all use cases, it simply
isn't practical. Do one thing and do it well, providing notes for
users who want other options.
Signed-off-by: Stephen Finucane <stephen.finucane at intel.com>
Suggested-by: Thomas Monjalon <thomas.monjalon at 6wind.com>
---
docs/deployment.md | 488 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-------------------
docs/development.md | 2 +-
docs/index.md | 2 +-
3 files changed, 312 insertions(+), 180 deletions(-)
diff --git a/docs/deployment.md b/docs/deployment.md
index 7c73b62..aae8a46 100644
--- a/docs/deployment.md
+++ b/docs/deployment.md
@@ -1,150 +1,207 @@
-# Deploying Patchwork
+# Deployment
-Patchwork uses the Django framework - there is some background on deploying
-Django applications here:
+This document describes the necessary steps to configure patchwork in a
+production environment. This requires a significantly "harder" deployment than
+the one used for development. If you are interested in developing patchwork,
+please refer to [the development guide][doc-development] instead.
- http://www.djangobook.com/en/2.0/chapter12/
+This document describes a two-node installation of patchwork, consisting of
+a database sever and an application server. It should be possible to combine
+these machines for smaller patchwork instances. It should also be possible to
+configure high availability deployment through use of additional database and
+application machines, though this is out of the scope of this document.
-You'll need the following (applications used for patchwork development are
-in brackets):
+## Deployment Guides, Provisioning Tools and Platform-as-a-Service
- * A Python interpreter
- * [Django] >= 1.6. The latest version is recommended
- * A webserver and suitable WSGI plugin. Options include [Apache] with the
- [mod_python] plugin, or [Gunicorn] with [nginx] as the proxy server
- * A database server (PostgreSQL, MySQL)
- * Relevant Python modules for the database server (see the various
- [requirements.txt] files)
+Before continuing, it's worth noting that patchwork is a Django application.
+With the exception of the handling of incoming mail (described below), it
+can be deployed like any other Django application. This means there are tens,
+if not hundreds, of existing articles and blogs detailing how to deploy an
+application like this. As such, if any of the below information is unclear
+then we'd suggest you go search for "Django deployment guide" or similar,
+deploy your application, and submit [a patch for this guide][doc-contributing]
+to clear up that confusion for others.
-[Django]: https://www.djangoproject.com/
-[Apache]: http://httpd.apache.org/
-[mod_python]: http://modpython.org/
-[Gunicorn]: http://gunicorn.org/
-[nginx]: http://nginx.org/
-[requirements.txt]: ./requirements-prod.txt
+You'll also find that the same search reveals a significant number of existing
+deployment tools aimed at Django. These tools, be they written in Ansible,
+Puppet, Chef or something else entirely, can be used to avoid much of the
+manual configuration described below. If possible, embrace these tools to make
+your life easier.
-## Database Configuration
+Finally, many Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS) providers and tools support
+deployment of Django applications with minimal effort. Should you wish to
+avoid much of the manual configuration, we suggest you investigate the many
+options available to find one that best suits your requirements. The only issue
+here will likely be the handling of incoming mail - something which many of
+these providers don't support. We address this in the appropriate section
+below.
-Django's ORM support multiple database backends, though the majority of testing
-has been carried out with PostgreSQL and MySQL.
+## Requirements
-We need to create a database for the system, add accounts for two system users:
-the web user (the user that your web server runs as) and the mail user (the
-user that your mail server runs as). On Ubuntu these are `www-data` and
-`nobody`, respectively.
+For the purpose of this guide, we will assume the following machines:
-As an alternative, you can use password-based login and a single database
-account. This is described further down.
+| server role | IP address |
+|-------------|------------|
+| database | 10.1.1.1 |
+| application | 10.1.1.2 |
-**NOTE:** For the following commands, a `$` prefix signifies that the command
-should be entered at your shell prompt, and a `>` prefix signifies the
-command-line client for your SQL server (`psql` or `mysql`).
+We will use the database server to, ostensibly enough, host the database for
+the patchwork instance. The application server, on the other hand, will host
+the patchwork instance along with the required reverse proxy and WSGI HTTP
+servers.
-### Install Packages
+We expect a Ubuntu 15.04 installation on each of these hosts: commands,
+package names and/or package versions will likely change if using a
+different distro or release. In addition, usage of different package versions
+to the ones suggested may require slightly different configuration.
-If you don't already have MySQL installed, you'll need to do so now. For
-example, to install MySQL on RHEL:
+Before beginning, you should update these systems:
- $ sudo yum install mysql-server
+ $ sudo apt-get update
+ $ sudo apt-get upgrade
-### Create Required Databases and Users
+We also need to configure some environment variables to ease deployment. These
+should be exported on all systems:
-#### PostgreSQL (ident-based)
+<dl>
+ <dt>PW_HOST_DB=10.1.1.1</dt>
+ <dd>IP of the database host</dd>
+ <dt>PW_HOST_APP=10.1.1.2</dt>
+ <dd>IP of the application host</dd>
+ <dt>PW_DB_NAME=patchwork</dt>
+ <dd>Name of the database</dd>
+ <dt>PW_DB_USER=www-data</dt>
+ <dd>Username that the patchwork app will access the database with</dd>
+</dl>
-PostgreSQL support [ident-based authentication], which uses the standard UNIX
-authentication method as a backend. This means no database-specific passwords
-need to be set/used. Assuming you are using this form of authentication, you
-just need to create the relevant UNIX users and database:
+## Database
- $ createdb patchwork
- $ createuser www-data
- $ createuser nobody
+These steps should be run on the database server.
-[ident-based authentication]: http://www.postgresql.org/docs/8.4/static/auth-methods.html#AUTH-IDENT
+**NOTE:** If you already have a database server on site, you can skip much of
+this section.
-#### PostgreSQL (password-based)
+### Install Requirements
-If you are not using the ident-based authentication, you will need to create
-both a new database and a new database user:
+We're going to rely on PostgreSQL. You can adjust the below steps if using a
+different RDBMS. Install the required packages.
- $ createuser -PE patchwork
- $ createdb -O patchwork patchwork
+ $ sudo apt-get install -y postgresql postgresql-contrib
-#### MySQL
+### Configure Database
- $ mysql
- > CREATE DATABASE patchwork CHARACTER SET utf8;
- > CREATE USER 'www-data'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '<password>';
- > CREATE USER 'nobody'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '<password>';
+PostgreSQL created a user account called `postgres`; you will need to run
+commands as this user. Use this account to create the database that patchwork
+will use, using the credentials we configured earlier.
-### Configure Settings
+ $ sudo -u postgres createdb $PW_DB_NAME
+ $ sudo -u postgres createuser $PW_DB_USER
-Once that is done, you need to tell Django about the new database settings,
-by defining your own `production.py` settings file (see below). For PostgreSQL:
+We will also need to apply permissions to the tables in this database but
+seeing as the tables haven't actually been created yet this will have to be
+done later.
- DATABASES = {
- 'default': {
- 'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.postgresql_psycopg2',
- 'HOST': 'localhost',
- 'PORT': '',
- 'USER': 'patchwork',
- 'PASSWORD': 'my_secret_password',
- 'NAME': 'patchwork',
- 'TEST_CHARSET': 'utf8',
- },
- }
+**TODO** `pg_hba.conf` configuration
-If you're using MySQL, only the `ENGINE` changes:
+## Patchwork
- DATABASES = {
- 'default': {
- 'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
- ...
- },
- }
+These steps should be run on the application server.
+
+### Install Packages
+
+The first requirement is patchwork itself. It can be downloaded like so:
-**NOTE:** `TEST_CHARSET` (`TEST/CHARSET` in Django >= 1.7) is used when
-creating tables for the test suite. Without it, tests checking for the correct
-handling of non-ASCII characters fail.
+ $ wget https://github.com/getpatchwork/patchwork/archive/v1.1.0.tar.gz
-## Django Setup
+We will install this under `/opt`, though this is only a suggestion:
-### Configure Directories
+ $ tar -xvzf v1.0.0.tar.gz
+ $ sudo mv v1.0.0 /opt/patchwork
-Set up some initial directories in the patchwork base directory:
+**NOTE:** Per the [Django documentation][ref-django-files], source code should
+not be placed in your web server's document root as this risks the possibility
+that people may be able to view your code over the Web. This is a security
+risk.
- mkdir -p lib/packages lib/python
+Next we require Python. If not already installed, then you should do so now.
+patchwork supports both Python 2.7 and Python 3.3+, though we would suggest
+using the latter to ease future upgrades:
-`lib/packages` is for stuff we'll download, `lib/python` is to add to our
-Python path. We'll symlink Python modules into `lib/python`.
+ $ sudo apt-get install python3 # or 'python' if using Python 2.7
-At the time of release, patchwork depends on Django version 1.6 or later.
-Where possible, try to use the latest stable version (currently 1.8). Your
-distro probably provides this. If not, install it manually:
+We require a number of Python packages. These can be installed using `pip`:
- cd lib/packages
- git clone https://github.com/django/django.git -b stable/1.8.x
- cd ../python
- ln -s ../packages/django/django ./django
+ $ sudo pip install -r /opt/patchwork/requirements-prod.txt
-### Configure Settings
+If you're not using `pip`, you will need to identify and install the
+corresponding distro package for each of these requirements. For example:
+
+ $ sudo apt-get install python3-django
+
+**NOTE:** The [pkgs.org][ref-pkgs] website provides a great reference for
+identifying the name of these dependencies.
+
+### Configure patchwork
You will also need to configure a [settings][ref-django-settings] file for
-Django. A sample settings file is provided, which defines default settings for
+Django. A sample settings file is provided that defines default settings for
patchwork. You'll need to configure settings for your own setup and save this
-as `production.py` (or override the `DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE` environment
-variable).
+as `production.py`.
+
+ $ cp patchwork/settings/production.example.py \
+ patchwork/settings/production.py
+
+Alternatively, you can override the `DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE` environment
+variable and provide a completely custom settings file.
+
+**NOTE:** You should not include shell variables in settings but rather
+hardcoded values. These settings files are evaluated in Python - not a shell.
+
+### Databases
- cp patchwork/settings/production{.example,}.py
+You can configure the `DATABASES` setting using the variables we set earlier.
+
+ DATABASES = {
+ 'default': {
+ 'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.postgresql_psycopg2',
+ 'HOST': '$PW_HOST_DB', # don't use sh variables but actual values
+ 'PORT': '',
+ 'NAME': '$PW_DB_NAME',
+ 'USER': '$PW_DB_USER',
+ 'PASSWORD': '$PW_DB_PASS',
+ 'TEST': {
+ 'CHARSET': 'utf8',
+ },
+ },
+ }
-At the very minimum, the following settings need to be configured:
+**NOTE:** `TEST/CHARSET` is used when creating tables for the test suite.
+Without it, tests checking for the correct handling of non-ASCII characters
+fail. It is not necessary if you don't plan to run tests, however.
- SECRET_KEY
- ADMINS
- TIME_ZONE
- LANGUAGE_CODE
- DEFAULT_FROM_EMAIL
- NOTIFICATION_FROM_EMAIL
+#### Static Files
+
+While we have not yet configured our proxy server, we do need to configure
+the location that these files will be stored in. We will install these under
+`/var/www/patchwork`, though this is only a suggestion and can be changed.
+
+ $ mkdir /var/www/patchwork
+
+You can configure this by setting the `STATIC_ROOT` variable.
+
+ STATIC_ROOT = '/var/www/patchwork'
+
+#### Other Options
+
+Finally, the following settings need to be configured. The purpose of these
+variables is described in the [Django documentation][ref-django-settings]:
+
+* `SECRET_KEY`
+* `ADMINS`
+* `TIME_ZONE`
+* `LANGUAGE_CODE`
+* `DEFAULT_FROM_EMAIL`
+* `NOTIFICATION_FROM_EMAIL`
You can generate the `SECRET_KEY` with the following python code:
@@ -152,112 +209,193 @@ You can generate the `SECRET_KEY` with the following python code:
chars = string.letters + string.digits + string.punctuation
print repr("".join([random.choice(chars) for i in range(0,50)]))
-If you wish to enable the XML-RPC interface, add the following to the file:
+If you wish to enable the XML-RPC interface, you should add the following to
+the file:
ENABLE_XMLRPC = True
-### Configure Database Tables
+### Final Steps
-Then, get patchwork to create its tables in your configured database. For
-Django 1.6 and below:
+Once done, we should be able to check that all requirements are met using the
+the `check` command of the `manage.py` executable:
- PYTHONPATH=../lib/python ./manage.py syncdb
+ $ /opt/patchwork/manage.py check
-For Django 1.7+:
+We should also take this opportunity to both configure the database and static
+files:
- PYTHONPATH=../lib/python ./manage.py migrate
+ $ /opt/patchwork/manage.py migrate
+ $ /opt/patchwork/manage.py loaddata \
+ /opt/patchwork/patchwork/fixtures/default_tags.xml
+ $ /opt/patchwork/manage.py loaddata \
+ /opt/patchwork/patchwork/fixtures/default_states.xml
+ $ /opt/patchwork/manage.py collectstatic
-Add privileges for your mail and web users. This is only needed if you use the
-ident-based approach. If you use password-based database authentication, you
-can skip this step.
+**NOTE:** The above `default_tags` and `default_states` are just that:
+defaults. You can modify these to fit your own requirements.
-For Postgresql:
+Finally, it may be helpful to start the development server quickly to ensure
+you can see *something*:
- psql -f lib/sql/grant-all.postgres.sql patchwork
+ $ /opt/patchwork/manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8080
-For MySQL:
+Browse this instance at `http://[your_server_ip]:8000`. If everything is
+working, kill the development server using `Ctrl`+`C`.
- mysql patchwork < lib/sql/grant-all.mysql.sql
+## Reverse Proxy and WSGI HTTP Servers
-### Other Tasks
+These steps should be run on the application server.
-You will need to collect the static content into one location from which
-it can be served (by Apache or nginx, for example):
+### Install Packages
- PYTHONPATH=lib/python ./manage.py collectstatic
+We will use nginx and uWSGI to deploy patchwork, acting as reverse proxy server
+and WSGI HTTP server respectively. Other options are available, such as
+Apache+mod_wsgi or nginx+Gunicorn. While we don't document these, sample
+configuration files for the former case are provided in `lib/apache2/`.
-You'll also need to load the initial tags and states into the patchwork
-database:
+ $ sudo apt-get install nginx-full uwsgi uwsgi-plugin-python
- PYTHONPATH=lib/python ./manage.py loaddata default_tags default_states
+### Configure nginx and uWSGI
-[ref-django-settings]: https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.8/topics/settings/
+Configuration files for nginx and uWSGI are provided in the `lib` subdirectory
+of the patchwork source code. These can be modified as necessary, but for now
+we will simply copy them.
-## Apache Setup
+First, let's load the provided configuration for nginx:
-Example apache configuration files are in `lib/apache2/`.
+ $ sudo cp /opt/patchwork/lib/nginx/patchwork.conf \
+ /etc/nginx/sites-available/
-### wsgi
+If you wish to modify this configuration, now is the time to do so. Once done,
+validate and enable your configuration:
-django has built-in support for WSGI, which supersedes the fastcgi handler. It is thus the preferred method to run patchwork.
+ $ sudo nginx -t
+ $ sudo ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/patchwork.conf \
+ /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/patchwork.conf
-The necessary configuration for Apache2 may be found in:
+Now use the provided configuration for uWSGI:
- lib/apache2/patchwork.wsgi.conf.
+ $ sudo mkdir -p /etc/uwsgi/sites
+ $ sudo cp /opt/patchwork/lib/uwsgi/patchwork.ini \
+ /etc/uwsgi/sites/patchwork.ini
-You will need to install/enable mod_wsgi for this to work:
+**NOTE** We created the `/etc/uwsgi` directory above because we're going to run
+uWSGI in ["emperor mode][ref-uwsgi-emperor]". This has benefits for multi-app
+deployments.
- a2enmod wsgi
- apache2ctl restart
+### Create systemd Unit File
-## Configure patchwork
+As things stand, uWSGI will need to be started manually every time the system
+boots, in addition to any time it may fail. We can automate this process using
+systemd. To this end a [systemd unit file][ref-uwsgi-systemd] should be created
+to start uWSGI at boot:
-Now, you should be able to administer patchwork, by visiting the URL:
+ $ sudo cat << EOF > /etc/systemd/system/uwsgi.service
+ [Unit]
+ Description=uWSGI Emperor service
- http://your-host/admin/
+ [Service]
+ ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/bash -c 'mkdir -p /run/uwsgi; chown user:nginx /run/uwsgi'
+ ExecStart=/usr/bin/uwsgi --emperor /etc/uwsgi/sites
+ Restart=always
+ KillSignal=SIGQUIT
+ Type=notify
+ NotifyAccess=all
-You'll probably want to do the following:
+ [Install]
+ WantedBy=multi-user.target
+ EOF
-* Set up your projects
-* Configure your website address (in the Sites section of the admin)
+**NOTE:** On older version of Ubuntu you may need to tweak these steps to use
+[upstart][ref-uwsgi-upstart] instead.
-## Subscribe a Local Address to the Mailing List
+### Final Steps
-You will need an email address for patchwork to receive email on - for example
-- `patchwork at your-host`, and this address will need to be subscribed to the
-list. Depending on the mailing list, you will probably need to confirm the
-subscription - temporarily direct the alias to yourself to do this.
+Start the uWSGI service we created above:
-## Setup your MTA to Deliver Mail to the Parsemail Script
+ $ sudo systemctl uwsgi start
+ $ sudo systemctl uwsgi status
-Your MTA will need to deliver mail to the parsemail script in the
-email/directory. (Note, do not use the `parsemail.py` script directly).
-Something like this in /etc/aliases is suitable for postfix:
+Next up, restart the nginx service:
- patchwork: "|/srv/patchwork/patchwork/bin/parsemail.sh"
+ $ sudo systemctl nginx restart
+ $ sudo systemctl nginx status
-You may need to customise the `parsemail.sh` script if you haven't installed
-patchwork in `/srv/patchwork`.
+patchwork uses a cron script to clean up expired registrations and send
+notifications of patch changes (for projects with this enabled). Something like
+this in your crontab should work.
-Test that you can deliver a patch to this script:
+ # m h dom mon dow command
+ */10 * * * * cd patchwork; ./manage.py cron
- sudo -u nobody /srv/patchwork/patchwork/bin/parsemail.sh < mail
+**NOTE**: The frequency should be the same as the `NOTIFICATION_DELAY_MINUTES`
+setting, which defaults to 10 minutes.
-## Set up the patchwork cron script
+Finally, browse to the instance using your browser of choice.
-Patchwork uses a cron script to clean up expired registrations, and send
-notifications of patch changes (for projects with this enabled). Something like
-this in your crontab should work:
+You may wish to take this opportunity to setup your projects and configure your
+website address (in the Sites section of the admin console, found at `/admin`).
- # m h dom mon dow command
- */10 * * * * cd patchwork; ./manage.py cron
+## Incoming Email
-The frequency should be the same as the `NOTIFICATION_DELAY_MINUTES` setting,
-which defaults to 10 minutes.
+patchwork is designed to parse incoming mails which means you need an address
+to receive email at. This is a problem that has been solved for many webapps,
+thus there are many ways to go about this. Some of these ways are discussed
+below.
+
+### Postfix
+
+The most flexible option is to configure our own mail transfer agent (MTA) and
+Postfix is as good a choice as any. While we don't cover setting up Postfix
+here (it's complicated and there are many guides already available), patchwork
+does include a script to take received mails and create the relevant entries
+in patchwork for you. To use this, you should configure your system to forward
+all emails to a given localpart (the bit before the `@`) to this script. Using
+the `patchwork` localpart (e.g. `patchwork at example.com`) you can do this like
+so:
+
+ $ sudo cat << EOF > /etc/aliases
+ patchwork: "|/opt/patchwork/patchwork/bin/parsemail.sh"
+ EOF
+
+You should ensure the appropriate user is created in PostgreSQL and that
+it has (minimal) access to the database. Patchwork provides scripts for the
+latter and they can be loaded as seen below:
+
+ $ sudo -u postgres createuser nobody
+ $ sudo -u postgre psql -f \
+ /opt/patchwork/lib/sql/grant-all.postgres.sql patchwork
+
+**NOTE:** This assumes your Postfix process is running as the `nobody` user.
+If this is not correct (use of `postfix` user is also common), you should
+change both the username in the `createuser` command above and substitute the
+username in the the `grant-all-postgres.sql` script with the appropriate
+alternative.
+
+### IMAP/POP3
+
+One could also use an email account provided by a run-of-the-mill email
+provider and retrieve mail using IMAP or POP3. This may be suitable for
+low-volume mailing lists but be warned: this will introduce a significant lag
+between when a patch is submitted to a mailing list and when it appears in
+patchwork.
+
+### Use a Email-as-a-Service Provider
+
+Setting up an email server can be a difficult task and, in the case of
+deployment on PaaS provider, may not even be an option. In this case, there
+are a variety of web services available that offer "Email-as-as-Service".
+These services typically convert received emails into HTTP POST requests to
+your endpoint of choice, allowing you to sidestep configuration issues. We
+don't cover this here, but a simple wrapper script coupled with one of these
+services can be more than to get email into patchwork.
+
+You can also create such as service yourself using a PaaS provider that
+supports incoming mail and writing a little web app.
## (Optional) Configure your VCS to Automatically Update Patches
-The tools directory of the patchwork distribution contains a file named
+The `tools` directory of the patchwork distribution contains a file named
`post-receive.hook` which is a sample git hook that can be used to
automatically update patches to the `Accepted` state when corresponding
commits are pushed via git.
@@ -272,17 +410,11 @@ If you are using a system other than git, you can likely write a similar hook
using `pwclient` to update patch state. If you do write one, please contribute
it.
-Some errors:
-
-* `ERROR: permission denied for relation patchwork_...`
- The user that patchwork is running as (i.e. the user of the web-server)
- doesn't have access to the patchwork tables in the database. Check that your
- web server user exists in the database, and that it has permissions to the
- tables.
-
-* pwclient fails for actions that require authentication, but a username
-and password is given int ~/.pwclient rc. Server reports "No authentication
-credentials given".
- If you're using the FastCGI interface to apache, you'll need the
- `-pass-header Authorization` option to the FastCGIExternalServer
- configuration directive.
+[doc-contributing]: contributing.md
+[doc-development]: development.md
+[ref-django-files]: https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/intro/tutorial01/#creating-a-project
+[ref-django-settings]: https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.8/ref/settings/
+[ref-pkgs]: http://pkgs.org/
+[ref-uwsgi-emperor]: https://uwsgi-docs.readthedocs.org/en/latest/Emperor.html
+[ref-uwsgi-systemd]: https://uwsgi-docs.readthedocs.org/en/latest/Systemd.html
+[ref-uwsgi-upstart]: https://uwsgi-docs.readthedocs.org/en/latest/Upstart.html
diff --git a/docs/development.md b/docs/development.md
index 12a0edc..b51cb89 100644
--- a/docs/development.md
+++ b/docs/development.md
@@ -241,7 +241,7 @@ using the provided `dev` settings file.
</dl>
[doc-contributing]: ../CONTRIBUTING.md
-[doc-deployment]: installation.md
+[doc-deployment]: development.md
[doc-testing]: testing.md
[ref-django-db]: https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.8/ref/databases/
[ref-mman-bulk]: http://blog.behnel.de/posts/indexp118.html
diff --git a/docs/index.md b/docs/index.md
index 8175eda..6c9aa5a 100644
--- a/docs/index.md
+++ b/docs/index.md
@@ -64,5 +64,5 @@ All questions and contributions should be sent to the
[ref-gpl]: http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-2.0.html
[ref-pw-ml]: https://ozlabs.org/mailman/listinfo/patchwork
-[doc-deployment]: installation.md
+[doc-deployment]: deployment.md
[doc-development]: development.md
--
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