PPC bn_div_words routine rewrite
David Ho
davidkwho at gmail.com
Wed Jul 6 06:21:10 EST 2005
Let's take first call to BN_div_word for example from BN_bn2dec, the
parameter being passed to BN_div_word is (a=35, w=1000000000) (decimal
numbers). It then calls the bn_div_words with (h=0, l=35,
d=1000000000) if you examine the code in linux_ppc32.s it will exit
early on because h is 0. the routine returns a divide by 0, which is
undefined according to the manual. In the case of ppc8xx the result
is 0x80000000. So this is the return value from bn_div_words, as seen
in register R3.
So what happens next is BN_div_word modifies "a" (1st parameter) with
the result (0x80000000) and returns 23 as the remainder of the
division. So "a" is never zero as a result and hence the test for
BN_is_zero is always false. The problem fails the very first time it
uses bn_div_words.
The next thing I did naturally was to fix the case when you have h=0,
which you can quite easy do it with the native divwu instruction. Lo
and behold I was once again disappointed when h is not equal to 0.
More to come...
On 7/5/05, David Ho <davidkwho at gmail.com> wrote:
> I can tell you with certainty, with reference to the function
> BN_bn2dec, that since lp is a pointer, and within the while loop
> around bn_print.c:136 lp is being incremented. Because the test
> BN_is_zero(t) is always false, you have a pointer that is going off
> into the stratosphere, hence the segfault on ppc8xx.
>
> More analysis to come.
>
> On 7/5/05, David Ho <davidkwho at gmail.com> wrote:
> > First pass debugging results from gdb on ppc8xx. Executing ssh-keygen
> > with following arguments.
> >
> > (gdb) show args
> > Argument list to give program being debugged when it is started is
> > "-t rsa1 -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_key -N """.
> >
> > Program received signal SIGSEGV, Segmentation fault.
> > BN_bn2dec (a=0x1002d9f0) at bn_print.c:136
> > 136 *lp=BN_div_word(t,BN_DEC_CONV);
> >
> > (gdb) i r
> > r0 0x0 0
> > r1 0x7fffd580 2147472768
> > r2 0x30012868 805382248
> > r3 0x80000000 2147483648
> > r4 0xfef33fc 267334652
> > r5 0x25 37
> > r6 0xfccdef8 265084664
> > r7 0x7fffd4c0 2147472576
> > r8 0xfbad2887 4222429319
> > r9 0x84044022 2214871074
> > r10 0x0 0
> > r11 0x2 2
> > r12 0xfef2054 267329620
> > r13 0x10030bc8 268635080
> > r14 0x0 0
> > r15 0x0 0
> > r16 0x0 0
> > r17 0x0 0
> > r18 0x0 0
> > r19 0x0 0
> > r20 0x0 0
> > r21 0x0 0
> > r22 0x0 0
> > r23 0x64 100
> > r24 0x5 5
> > r25 0x1002d438 268620856
> > r26 0x1002d9f0 268622320
> > r27 0x1002c578 268617080
> > r28 0x1 1
> > r29 0x10031000 268636160
> > r30 0xffbf7d0 268171216
> > r31 0x1002d9f0 268622320
> > pc 0xfef2058 267329624
> > ps 0xd032 53298
> > cr 0x24044022 604258338
> > lr 0xfef2054 267329620
> > ctr 0xfccefa0 265088928
> > xer 0x20000000 536870912
> > fpscr 0x0 0
> > vscr 0x0 0
> > vrsave 0x0 0
> >
> > (gdb) p/x $pc
> > $1 = 0xfef2058
> >
> > 0x0fef2058 <BN_bn2dec+472>: stw r3,0(r29)
> >
> > (gdb) x 0x10031000
> > 0x10031000: Cannot access memory at address 0x10031000
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> > On 7/5/05, David Ho <davidkwho at gmail.com> wrote:
> > > This is the second confirmed report of the same problem on the ppc8xx.
> > >
> > > After reading my email. I must say I was the unfriendly one, I
> > > apologize for that.
> > >
> > > More debugging evidence to come.
> > >
> > > ---------- Forwarded message ----------
> > > From: Murch, Christopher <cmurch at mrv.com>
> > > Date: Jul 1, 2005 9:46 AM
> > > Subject: RE: PPC bn_div_words routine rewrite
> > > To: David Ho <davidkwho at gmail.com>
> > >
> > >
> > > David,
> > > I had observed the same issue on ppc 8xx machines after upgrading to the asm
> > > version of the BN routines. Thank you very much for your work for the fix.
> > > My question is, do you have high confidence in the other new asm ppc BN
> > > routines after observing this issue or do you think they might have similiar
> > > problems?
> > > Thanks.
> > > Chris
> > >
> > > -----Original Message-----
> > > From: David Ho [mailto:davidkwho at gmail.com]
> > > Sent: Thursday, June 30, 2005 6:22 PM
> > > To: openssl-dev at openssl.org; linuxppc-embedded at ozlabs.org
> > > Subject: Re: PPC bn_div_words routine rewrite
> > >
> > >
> > > The reason I had to redo this routine, in case anyone is wondering, is
> > > because ssh-keygen segfaults when this assembly routine returns junk
> > > to the BN_div_word function. On a ppc, if you issue the command
> > >
> > > ssh-keygen -t rsa1 -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_key -N ""
> > >
> > > The program craps out when it tries to write the public key in ascii
> > > decimal.
> > >
> > > Regards,
> > > David
> > >
> > > On 6/30/05, David Ho <davidkwho at gmail.com> wrote:
> > > > Hi all,
> > > >
> > > > This is a rewrite of the bn_div_words routine for the PowerPC arch,
> > > > tested on a MPC8xx processor.
> > > > I initially thought there is maybe a small mistake in the code that
> > > > requires a one-liner change but it turns out I have to redo the
> > > > routine.
> > > > I guess this routine is not called very often as I see that most other
> > > > routines are hand-crafted, whereas this routine is compiled from a C
> > > > function that apparently has not gone through a whole lot of testing.
> > > >
> > > > I wrote a C function to confirm correctness of the code.
> > > >
> > > > unsigned long div_words (unsigned long h,
> > > > unsigned long l,
> > > > unsigned long d)
> > > > {
> > > > unsigned long i_h; /* intermediate dividend */
> > > > unsigned long i_q; /* quotient of i_h/d */
> > > > unsigned long i_r; /* remainder of i_h/d */
> > > >
> > > > unsigned long i_cntr;
> > > > unsigned long i_carry;
> > > >
> > > > unsigned long ret_q; /* return quotient */
> > > >
> > > > /* cannot divide by zero */
> > > > if (d == 0) return 0xffffffff;
> > > >
> > > > /* do simple 32-bit divide */
> > > > if (h == 0) return l/d;
> > > >
> > > > i_q = h/d;
> > > > i_r = h - (i_q*d);
> > > > ret_q = i_q;
> > > >
> > > > i_cntr = 32;
> > > >
> > > > while (i_cntr--)
> > > > {
> > > > i_carry = (l & 0x80000000) ? 1:0;
> > > > l = l << 1;
> > > >
> > > > i_h = (i_r << 1) | i_carry;
> > > > i_q = i_h/d;
> > > > i_r = i_h - (i_q*d);
> > > >
> > > > ret_q = (ret_q << 1) | i_q;
> > > > }
> > > >
> > > > return ret_q;
> > > > }
> > > >
> > > >
> > > > Then I handcrafted the routine in PPC assembly.
> > > > The result is a 26 line assembly that is easy to understand and
> > > > predictable as opposed to a 81liner that I am still trying to
> > > > decipher...
> > > > If anyone is interested in incorporating this routine to the openssl
> > > > code I'll be happy to assist.
> > > > At this point I think I will be taking a bit of a break from this 3
> > > > day debugging/fixing marathon.
> > > >
> > > > Regards,
> > > > David Ho
> > > >
> > > >
> > > > #
> > > > # Handcrafted version of bn_div_words
> > > > #
> > > > # r3 = h
> > > > # r4 = l
> > > > # r5 = d
> > > >
> > > > cmplwi 0,r5,0 # compare r5 and 0
> > > > bc BO_IF_NOT,CR0_EQ,.Lppcasm_div1 # proceed if d!=0
> > > > li r3,-1 # d=0 return -1
> > > > bclr BO_ALWAYS,CR0_LT
> > > > .Lppcasm_div1:
> > > > cmplwi 0,r3,0 # compare r3 and 0
> > > > bc BO_IF_NOT,CR0_EQ,.Lppcasm_div2 # proceed if h != 0
> > > > divwu r3,r4,r5 # ret_q = l/d
> > > > bclr BO_ALWAYS,CR0_LT # return result in r3
> > > > .Lppcasm_div2:
> > > > divwu r9,r3,r5 # i_q = h/d
> > > > mullw r10,r9,r5 # i_r = h - (i_q*d)
> > > > subf r10,r10,r3
> > > > mr r3,r9 # req_q = i_q
> > > > .Lppcasm_set_ctr:
> > > > li r12,32 # ctr = bitsizeof(d)
> > > > mtctr r12
> > > > .Lppcasm_div_loop:
> > > > addc r4,r4,r4 # l = l << 1 -> i_carry
> > > > adde r11,r10,r10 # i_h = (i_r << 1) | i_carry
> > > > divwu r9,r11,r5 # i_q = i_h/d
> > > > mullw r10,r9,r5 # i_r = i_h - (i_q*d)
> > > > subf r10,r10,r11
> > > > add r3,r3,r3 # ret_q = ret_q << 1 | i_q
> > > > add r3,r3,r9
> > > > bc BO_dCTR_NZERO,CR0_EQ,.Lppcasm_div_loop
> > > > .Lppc_div_end:
> > > > bclr BO_ALWAYS,CR0_LT # return result in r3
> > > > .long 0x00000000
> > > >
> > > _______________________________________________
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> > > Linuxppc-embedded at ozlabs.org
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> > >
> >
>
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