[PATCH v2 06/11] mm: Add helpers to create migration entries from struct pages

Jordan Niethe jniethe at nvidia.com
Wed Jan 7 20:18:18 AEDT 2026


To create a new migration entry for a given struct page, that page is
first converted to its pfn, before passing the pfn to
make_readable_migration_entry() (and friends).

A future change will remove device private pages from the physical
address space. This will mean that device private pages no longer have a
pfn and must be handled separately.

Prepare for this with a new set of helpers:

  - make_readable_migration_entry_from_page()
  - make_readable_exclusive_migration_entry_from_page()
  - make_writable_migration_entry_from_page()

These helpers take a struct page as parameter instead of a pfn. This
will allow more flexibility for handling the swap offset field
differently for device private pages.

Signed-off-by: Jordan Niethe <jniethe at nvidia.com>
---
v1:
  - New to series
v2:
  - Add flags param
---
 include/linux/leafops.h | 14 ++++++++++++++
 include/linux/swapops.h | 33 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 mm/huge_memory.c        | 29 +++++++++++++++++------------
 mm/hugetlb.c            | 15 +++++++++------
 mm/memory.c             |  5 +++--
 mm/migrate_device.c     | 12 ++++++------
 mm/mprotect.c           | 10 +++++++---
 mm/rmap.c               | 12 ++++++------
 8 files changed, 95 insertions(+), 35 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/linux/leafops.h b/include/linux/leafops.h
index cfafe7a5e7b1..2fde8208da13 100644
--- a/include/linux/leafops.h
+++ b/include/linux/leafops.h
@@ -363,6 +363,20 @@ static inline unsigned long softleaf_to_pfn(softleaf_t entry)
 	return swp_offset(entry) & SWP_PFN_MASK;
 }
 
+/**
+ * softleaf_to_flags() - Obtain flags encoded within leaf entry.
+ * @entry: Leaf entry, softleaf_has_pfn(@entry) must return true.
+ *
+ * Returns: The flags associated with the leaf entry.
+ */
+static inline unsigned long softleaf_to_flags(softleaf_t entry)
+{
+	VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(!softleaf_has_pfn(entry));
+
+	/* Temporary until swp_entry_t eliminated. */
+	return swp_offset(entry) & (SWP_MIG_YOUNG | SWP_MIG_DIRTY);
+}
+
 /**
  * softleaf_to_page() - Obtains struct page for PFN encoded within leaf entry.
  * @entry: Leaf entry, softleaf_has_pfn(@entry) must return true.
diff --git a/include/linux/swapops.h b/include/linux/swapops.h
index 8cfc966eae48..a9ad997bd5ec 100644
--- a/include/linux/swapops.h
+++ b/include/linux/swapops.h
@@ -173,16 +173,33 @@ static inline swp_entry_t make_readable_migration_entry(pgoff_t offset)
 	return swp_entry(SWP_MIGRATION_READ, offset);
 }
 
+static inline swp_entry_t make_readable_migration_entry_from_page(struct page *page, pgoff_t flags)
+{
+	return swp_entry(SWP_MIGRATION_READ, page_to_pfn(page) | flags);
+}
+
 static inline swp_entry_t make_readable_exclusive_migration_entry(pgoff_t offset)
 {
 	return swp_entry(SWP_MIGRATION_READ_EXCLUSIVE, offset);
 }
 
+static inline swp_entry_t make_readable_exclusive_migration_entry_from_page(struct page *page,
+									    pgoff_t flags)
+{
+	return swp_entry(SWP_MIGRATION_READ_EXCLUSIVE, page_to_pfn(page) | flags);
+}
+
 static inline swp_entry_t make_writable_migration_entry(pgoff_t offset)
 {
 	return swp_entry(SWP_MIGRATION_WRITE, offset);
 }
 
+static inline swp_entry_t make_writable_migration_entry_from_page(struct page *page,
+								  pgoff_t flags)
+{
+	return swp_entry(SWP_MIGRATION_WRITE, page_to_pfn(page) | flags);
+}
+
 /*
  * Returns whether the host has large enough swap offset field to support
  * carrying over pgtable A/D bits for page migrations.  The result is
@@ -222,11 +239,27 @@ static inline swp_entry_t make_readable_migration_entry(pgoff_t offset)
 	return swp_entry(0, 0);
 }
 
+static inline swp_entry_t make_readable_migration_entry_from_page(struct page *page, pgoff_t flags)
+{
+	return swp_entry(0, 0);
+}
+
+static inline swp_entry_t make_writeable_migration_entry_from_page(struct page *page, pgoff_t flags)
+{
+	return swp_entry(0, 0);
+}
+
 static inline swp_entry_t make_readable_exclusive_migration_entry(pgoff_t offset)
 {
 	return swp_entry(0, 0);
 }
 
+static inline swp_entry_t make_readable_exclusive_migration_entry_from_page(struct page *page,
+									    pgoff_t flags)
+{
+	return swp_entry(0, 0);
+}
+
 static inline swp_entry_t make_writable_migration_entry(pgoff_t offset)
 {
 	return swp_entry(0, 0);
diff --git a/mm/huge_memory.c b/mm/huge_memory.c
index 40cf59301c21..e3a448cdb34d 100644
--- a/mm/huge_memory.c
+++ b/mm/huge_memory.c
@@ -1800,7 +1800,8 @@ static void copy_huge_non_present_pmd(
 
 	if (softleaf_is_migration_write(entry) ||
 	    softleaf_is_migration_read_exclusive(entry)) {
-		entry = make_readable_migration_entry(swp_offset(entry));
+		entry = make_readable_migration_entry_from_page(softleaf_to_page(entry),
+								softleaf_to_flags(entry));
 		pmd = swp_entry_to_pmd(entry);
 		if (pmd_swp_soft_dirty(*src_pmd))
 			pmd = pmd_swp_mksoft_dirty(pmd);
@@ -2524,9 +2525,13 @@ static void change_non_present_huge_pmd(struct mm_struct *mm,
 		 * just be safe and disable write
 		 */
 		if (folio_test_anon(folio))
-			entry = make_readable_exclusive_migration_entry(swp_offset(entry));
+			entry = make_readable_exclusive_migration_entry_from_page(
+						softleaf_to_page(entry),
+						softleaf_to_flags(entry));
 		else
-			entry = make_readable_migration_entry(swp_offset(entry));
+			entry = make_readable_migration_entry_from_page(
+						softleaf_to_page(entry),
+						softleaf_to_flags(entry));
 		newpmd = swp_entry_to_pmd(entry);
 		if (pmd_swp_soft_dirty(*pmd))
 			newpmd = pmd_swp_mksoft_dirty(newpmd);
@@ -3183,14 +3188,14 @@ static void __split_huge_pmd_locked(struct vm_area_struct *vma, pmd_t *pmd,
 
 		for (i = 0, addr = haddr; i < HPAGE_PMD_NR; i++, addr += PAGE_SIZE) {
 			if (write)
-				swp_entry = make_writable_migration_entry(
-							page_to_pfn(page + i));
+				swp_entry = make_writable_migration_entry_from_page(
+							page + i, 0);
 			else if (anon_exclusive)
-				swp_entry = make_readable_exclusive_migration_entry(
-							page_to_pfn(page + i));
+				swp_entry = make_readable_exclusive_migration_entry_from_page(
+							page + i, 0);
 			else
-				swp_entry = make_readable_migration_entry(
-							page_to_pfn(page + i));
+				swp_entry = make_readable_migration_entry_from_page(
+							page + i, 0);
 			if (young)
 				swp_entry = make_migration_entry_young(swp_entry);
 			if (dirty)
@@ -4890,11 +4895,11 @@ int set_pmd_migration_entry(struct page_vma_mapped_walk *pvmw,
 	if (pmd_dirty(pmdval))
 		folio_mark_dirty(folio);
 	if (pmd_write(pmdval))
-		entry = make_writable_migration_entry(page_to_pfn(page));
+		entry = make_writable_migration_entry_from_page(page, 0);
 	else if (anon_exclusive)
-		entry = make_readable_exclusive_migration_entry(page_to_pfn(page));
+		entry = make_readable_exclusive_migration_entry_from_page(page, 0);
 	else
-		entry = make_readable_migration_entry(page_to_pfn(page));
+		entry = make_readable_migration_entry_from_page(page, 0);
 	if (pmd_young(pmdval))
 		entry = make_migration_entry_young(entry);
 	if (pmd_dirty(pmdval))
diff --git a/mm/hugetlb.c b/mm/hugetlb.c
index 51273baec9e5..6a5e40d4cfc2 100644
--- a/mm/hugetlb.c
+++ b/mm/hugetlb.c
@@ -4939,8 +4939,9 @@ int copy_hugetlb_page_range(struct mm_struct *dst, struct mm_struct *src,
 				 * COW mappings require pages in both
 				 * parent and child to be set to read.
 				 */
-				softleaf = make_readable_migration_entry(
-							swp_offset(softleaf));
+				softleaf = make_readable_migration_entry_from_page(
+							softleaf_to_page(softleaf),
+							softleaf_to_flags(softleaf));
 				entry = swp_entry_to_pte(softleaf);
 				if (userfaultfd_wp(src_vma) && uffd_wp)
 					entry = pte_swp_mkuffd_wp(entry);
@@ -6491,11 +6492,13 @@ long hugetlb_change_protection(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
 
 			if (softleaf_is_migration_write(entry)) {
 				if (folio_test_anon(folio))
-					entry = make_readable_exclusive_migration_entry(
-								swp_offset(entry));
+					entry = make_readable_exclusive_migration_entry_from_page(
+								softleaf_to_page(entry),
+								softleaf_to_flags(entry));
 				else
-					entry = make_readable_migration_entry(
-								swp_offset(entry));
+					entry = make_readable_migration_entry_from_page(
+								softleaf_to_page(entry),
+								softleaf_to_flags(entry));
 				newpte = swp_entry_to_pte(entry);
 				pages++;
 			}
diff --git a/mm/memory.c b/mm/memory.c
index 2a55edc48a65..16493fbb3adb 100644
--- a/mm/memory.c
+++ b/mm/memory.c
@@ -963,8 +963,9 @@ copy_nonpresent_pte(struct mm_struct *dst_mm, struct mm_struct *src_mm,
 			 * to be set to read. A previously exclusive entry is
 			 * now shared.
 			 */
-			entry = make_readable_migration_entry(
-							swp_offset(entry));
+			entry = make_readable_migration_entry_from_page(
+							softleaf_to_page(entry),
+							softleaf_to_flags(entry));
 			pte = softleaf_to_pte(entry);
 			if (pte_swp_soft_dirty(orig_pte))
 				pte = pte_swp_mksoft_dirty(pte);
diff --git a/mm/migrate_device.c b/mm/migrate_device.c
index a2baaa2a81f9..c876526ac6a3 100644
--- a/mm/migrate_device.c
+++ b/mm/migrate_device.c
@@ -432,14 +432,14 @@ static int migrate_vma_collect_pmd(pmd_t *pmdp,
 
 			/* Setup special migration page table entry */
 			if (mpfn & MIGRATE_PFN_WRITE)
-				entry = make_writable_migration_entry(
-							page_to_pfn(page));
+				entry = make_writable_migration_entry_from_page(
+							page, 0);
 			else if (anon_exclusive)
-				entry = make_readable_exclusive_migration_entry(
-							page_to_pfn(page));
+				entry = make_readable_exclusive_migration_entry_from_page(
+							page, 0);
 			else
-				entry = make_readable_migration_entry(
-							page_to_pfn(page));
+				entry = make_readable_migration_entry_from_page(
+							page, 0);
 			if (pte_present(pte)) {
 				if (pte_young(pte))
 					entry = make_migration_entry_young(entry);
diff --git a/mm/mprotect.c b/mm/mprotect.c
index 283889e4f1ce..adfe1b7a4a19 100644
--- a/mm/mprotect.c
+++ b/mm/mprotect.c
@@ -328,10 +328,14 @@ static long change_pte_range(struct mmu_gather *tlb,
 				 * just be safe and disable write
 				 */
 				if (folio_test_anon(folio))
-					entry = make_readable_exclusive_migration_entry(
-							     swp_offset(entry));
+					entry = make_readable_exclusive_migration_entry_from_page(
+							softleaf_to_page(entry),
+							softleaf_to_flags(entry));
 				else
-					entry = make_readable_migration_entry(swp_offset(entry));
+					entry = make_readable_migration_entry_from_page(
+							softleaf_to_page(entry),
+							softleaf_to_flags(entry));
+
 				newpte = swp_entry_to_pte(entry);
 				if (pte_swp_soft_dirty(oldpte))
 					newpte = pte_swp_mksoft_dirty(newpte);
diff --git a/mm/rmap.c b/mm/rmap.c
index 79a2478b4aa9..6a63333f8722 100644
--- a/mm/rmap.c
+++ b/mm/rmap.c
@@ -2539,14 +2539,14 @@ static bool try_to_migrate_one(struct folio *folio, struct vm_area_struct *vma,
 			 * pte is removed and then restart fault handling.
 			 */
 			if (writable)
-				entry = make_writable_migration_entry(
-							page_to_pfn(subpage));
+				entry = make_writable_migration_entry_from_page(
+							subpage, 0);
 			else if (anon_exclusive)
-				entry = make_readable_exclusive_migration_entry(
-							page_to_pfn(subpage));
+				entry = make_readable_exclusive_migration_entry_from_page(
+							subpage, 0);
 			else
-				entry = make_readable_migration_entry(
-							page_to_pfn(subpage));
+				entry = make_readable_migration_entry_from_page(
+							subpage, 0);
 			if (likely(pte_present(pteval))) {
 				if (pte_young(pteval))
 					entry = make_migration_entry_young(entry);
-- 
2.34.1



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