[PATCH 25/49] mm/sparse-vmemmap: support vmemmap-optimizable compound page population

Muchun Song songmuchun at bytedance.com
Sun Apr 5 22:52:16 AEST 2026


Previously, vmemmap optimization (HVO) was tightly coupled with HugeTLB
and relied on CONFIG_HUGETLB_PAGE_OPTIMIZE_VMEMMAP. With the recent
introduction of compound page order to struct mem_section, we can now
generalize this optimization to be based on sections rather than being
HugeTLB-specific.

This patch refactors the vmemmap population logic to utilize the new
section-level order information by updating vmemmap_pte_populate() to
dynamically allocates or reuses the shared tail page if a section
contains optimizable compound pages.

These changes centralize the HVO logic within the core sparse-vmemmap
code, reducing code duplication and paving the way for unifying the vmemmap
optimization paths for both HugeTLB and DAX.

Signed-off-by: Muchun Song <songmuchun at bytedance.com>
---
 include/linux/mmzone.h |  8 ++++-
 mm/internal.h          |  3 ++
 mm/sparse-vmemmap.c    | 66 +++++++++++++++++++++++++-----------------
 mm/sparse.c            | 30 +++++++++++++++++--
 4 files changed, 78 insertions(+), 29 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/linux/mmzone.h b/include/linux/mmzone.h
index 620503aa29ba..e4d37492ca63 100644
--- a/include/linux/mmzone.h
+++ b/include/linux/mmzone.h
@@ -1145,7 +1145,7 @@ struct zone {
 	/* Zone statistics */
 	atomic_long_t		vm_stat[NR_VM_ZONE_STAT_ITEMS];
 	atomic_long_t		vm_numa_event[NR_VM_NUMA_EVENT_ITEMS];
-#ifdef CONFIG_HUGETLB_PAGE_OPTIMIZE_VMEMMAP
+#ifdef CONFIG_SPARSEMEM_VMEMMAP
 	struct page *vmemmap_tails[NR_OPTIMIZABLE_FOLIO_SIZES];
 #endif
 } ____cacheline_internodealigned_in_smp;
@@ -2250,6 +2250,12 @@ static inline unsigned int section_order(const struct mem_section *section)
 }
 #endif
 
+static inline bool section_vmemmap_optimizable(const struct mem_section *section)
+{
+	return is_power_of_2(sizeof(struct page)) &&
+	       section_order(section) >= OPTIMIZABLE_FOLIO_MIN_ORDER;
+}
+
 void sparse_init_early_section(int nid, struct page *map, unsigned long pnum,
 			       unsigned long flags);
 
diff --git a/mm/internal.h b/mm/internal.h
index 1060d7c07f5b..c0d0f546864c 100644
--- a/mm/internal.h
+++ b/mm/internal.h
@@ -996,6 +996,9 @@ static inline void __section_mark_present(struct mem_section *ms,
 
 	ms->section_mem_map |= SECTION_MARKED_PRESENT;
 }
+
+int section_vmemmap_pages(unsigned long pfn, unsigned long nr_pages,
+			  struct vmem_altmap *altmap, struct dev_pagemap *pgmap);
 #else
 static inline void sparse_init(void) {}
 #endif /* CONFIG_SPARSEMEM */
diff --git a/mm/sparse-vmemmap.c b/mm/sparse-vmemmap.c
index 2a6c3c82f9f5..6522c36aac20 100644
--- a/mm/sparse-vmemmap.c
+++ b/mm/sparse-vmemmap.c
@@ -144,17 +144,47 @@ void __meminit vmemmap_verify(pte_t *pte, int node,
 			start, end - 1);
 }
 
+static struct zone __meminit *pfn_to_zone(unsigned long pfn, int nid)
+{
+	pg_data_t *pgdat = NODE_DATA(nid);
+
+	for (enum zone_type zone_type = 0; zone_type < MAX_NR_ZONES; zone_type++) {
+		struct zone *zone = &pgdat->node_zones[zone_type];
+
+		if (zone_spans_pfn(zone, pfn))
+			return zone;
+	}
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static __meminit struct page *vmemmap_get_tail(unsigned int order, struct zone *zone);
+
 static pte_t * __meminit vmemmap_pte_populate(pmd_t *pmd, unsigned long addr, int node,
 					      struct vmem_altmap *altmap,
 					      unsigned long ptpfn)
 {
 	pte_t *pte = pte_offset_kernel(pmd, addr);
+
 	if (pte_none(ptep_get(pte))) {
 		pte_t entry;
-		void *p;
+
+		if (vmemmap_page_optimizable((struct page *)addr) &&
+		    ptpfn == (unsigned long)-1) {
+			struct page *page;
+			unsigned long pfn = page_to_pfn((struct page *)addr);
+			const struct mem_section *ms = __pfn_to_section(pfn);
+
+			page = vmemmap_get_tail(section_order(ms),
+						pfn_to_zone(pfn, node));
+			if (!page)
+				return NULL;
+			ptpfn = page_to_pfn(page);
+		}
 
 		if (ptpfn == (unsigned long)-1) {
-			p = vmemmap_alloc_block_buf(PAGE_SIZE, node, altmap);
+			void *p = vmemmap_alloc_block_buf(PAGE_SIZE, node, altmap);
+
 			if (!p)
 				return NULL;
 			ptpfn = PHYS_PFN(__pa(p));
@@ -323,7 +353,6 @@ void vmemmap_wrprotect_hvo(unsigned long addr, unsigned long end,
 	}
 }
 
-#ifdef CONFIG_HUGETLB_PAGE_OPTIMIZE_VMEMMAP
 static __meminit struct page *vmemmap_get_tail(unsigned int order, struct zone *zone)
 {
 	struct page *p, *tail;
@@ -352,6 +381,7 @@ static __meminit struct page *vmemmap_get_tail(unsigned int order, struct zone *
 	return tail;
 }
 
+#ifdef CONFIG_HUGETLB_PAGE_OPTIMIZE_VMEMMAP
 int __meminit vmemmap_populate_hvo(unsigned long addr, unsigned long end,
 				       unsigned int order, struct zone *zone,
 				       unsigned long headsize)
@@ -404,6 +434,9 @@ int __meminit vmemmap_populate_hugepages(unsigned long start, unsigned long end,
 		return vmemmap_populate_compound_pages(start, end, node, pgmap);
 
 	for (addr = start; addr < end; addr = next) {
+		unsigned long pfn = page_to_pfn((struct page *)addr);
+		const struct mem_section *ms = __pfn_to_section(pfn);
+
 		next = pmd_addr_end(addr, end);
 
 		pgd = vmemmap_pgd_populate(addr, node);
@@ -419,7 +452,7 @@ int __meminit vmemmap_populate_hugepages(unsigned long start, unsigned long end,
 			return -ENOMEM;
 
 		pmd = pmd_offset(pud, addr);
-		if (pmd_none(pmdp_get(pmd))) {
+		if (pmd_none(pmdp_get(pmd)) && !section_vmemmap_optimizable(ms)) {
 			void *p;
 
 			p = vmemmap_alloc_block_buf(PMD_SIZE, node, altmap);
@@ -437,8 +470,10 @@ int __meminit vmemmap_populate_hugepages(unsigned long start, unsigned long end,
 				 */
 				return -ENOMEM;
 			}
-		} else if (vmemmap_check_pmd(pmd, node, addr, next))
+		} else if (vmemmap_check_pmd(pmd, node, addr, next)) {
+			VM_BUG_ON(section_vmemmap_optimizable(ms));
 			continue;
+		}
 		if (vmemmap_populate_basepages(addr, next, node, altmap, pgmap))
 			return -ENOMEM;
 	}
@@ -705,27 +740,6 @@ static int fill_subsection_map(unsigned long pfn, unsigned long nr_pages)
 	return rc;
 }
 
-static int __meminit section_vmemmap_pages(unsigned long pfn, unsigned long nr_pages,
-					   struct vmem_altmap *altmap, struct dev_pagemap *pgmap)
-{
-	unsigned int order = pgmap ? pgmap->vmemmap_shift : 0;
-	unsigned long pages_per_compound = 1L << order;
-
-	VM_BUG_ON(!IS_ALIGNED(pfn | nr_pages, min(pages_per_compound, PAGES_PER_SECTION)));
-	VM_BUG_ON(pfn_to_section_nr(pfn) != pfn_to_section_nr(pfn + nr_pages - 1));
-
-	if (!vmemmap_can_optimize(altmap, pgmap))
-		return DIV_ROUND_UP(nr_pages * sizeof(struct page), PAGE_SIZE);
-
-	if (order < PFN_SECTION_SHIFT)
-		return VMEMMAP_RESERVE_NR * nr_pages / pages_per_compound;
-
-	if (IS_ALIGNED(pfn, pages_per_compound))
-		return VMEMMAP_RESERVE_NR;
-
-	return 0;
-}
-
 /*
  * To deactivate a memory region, there are 3 cases to handle:
  *
diff --git a/mm/sparse.c b/mm/sparse.c
index cfe4ffd89baf..62659752980e 100644
--- a/mm/sparse.c
+++ b/mm/sparse.c
@@ -345,6 +345,32 @@ static void __init sparse_usage_fini(void)
 	sparse_usagebuf = sparse_usagebuf_end = NULL;
 }
 
+int __meminit section_vmemmap_pages(unsigned long pfn, unsigned long nr_pages,
+				    struct vmem_altmap *altmap, struct dev_pagemap *pgmap)
+{
+	const struct mem_section *ms = __pfn_to_section(pfn);
+	unsigned int order = pgmap ? pgmap->vmemmap_shift : section_order(ms);
+	unsigned long pages_per_compound = 1L << order;
+	unsigned int vmemmap_pages = OPTIMIZED_FOLIO_VMEMMAP_PAGES;
+
+	if (vmemmap_can_optimize(altmap, pgmap))
+		vmemmap_pages = VMEMMAP_RESERVE_NR;
+
+	VM_BUG_ON(!IS_ALIGNED(pfn | nr_pages, min(pages_per_compound, PAGES_PER_SECTION)));
+	VM_BUG_ON(pfn_to_section_nr(pfn) != pfn_to_section_nr(pfn + nr_pages - 1));
+
+	if (!vmemmap_can_optimize(altmap, pgmap) && !section_vmemmap_optimizable(ms))
+		return DIV_ROUND_UP(nr_pages * sizeof(struct page), PAGE_SIZE);
+
+	if (order < PFN_SECTION_SHIFT)
+		return vmemmap_pages * nr_pages / pages_per_compound;
+
+	if (IS_ALIGNED(pfn, pages_per_compound))
+		return vmemmap_pages;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
 /*
  * Initialize sparse on a specific node. The node spans [pnum_begin, pnum_end)
  * And number of present sections in this node is map_count.
@@ -376,8 +402,8 @@ static void __init sparse_init_nid(int nid, unsigned long pnum_begin,
 							nid, NULL, NULL);
 			if (!map)
 				panic("Populate section (%ld) on node[%d] failed\n", pnum, nid);
-			memmap_boot_pages_add(DIV_ROUND_UP(PAGES_PER_SECTION * sizeof(struct page),
-							   PAGE_SIZE));
+			memmap_boot_pages_add(section_vmemmap_pages(pfn, PAGES_PER_SECTION,
+								    NULL, NULL));
 			sparse_init_early_section(nid, map, pnum, 0);
 		}
 	}
-- 
2.20.1



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