[PATCH v3 0/9] module: Introduce hash-based integrity checking

[Thomas Weißschuh]

The current signature-based module integrity checking has some drawbacks
in combination with reproducible builds:
Either the module signing key is generated at build time, which makes
the build unreproducible, or a static key is used, which precludes
rebuilds by third parties and makes the whole build and packaging
process much more complicated.
Introduce a new mechanism to ensure only well-known modules are loaded
by embedding a list of hashes of all modules built as part of the full
kernel build into vmlinux.

Interest has been proclaimed by NixOS, Arch Linux, Proxmox, SUSE and the
general reproducible builds community.

To properly test the reproducibility in combination with CONFIG_INFO_BTF
another patch or pahole v1.29 is needed:
"[PATCH bpf-next] kbuild, bpf: Enable reproducible BTF generation" [0]

Questions for current patch:
* Naming
* Can the number of built-in modules be retrieved while building
  kernel/module/hashes.o? This would remove the need for the
  preallocation step in link-vmlinux.sh.
* How should this interaction with IMA?

Further improvements:
* Use a LSM/IMA Keyring to store and validate hashes
* Use MODULE_SIG_HASH for configuration
* UAPI for discovery?
* Currently has a permanent memory overhead

[0] https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20241211-pahole-reproducible-v1-1-22feae19bad9@weissschuh.net/

Signed-off-by: Thomas Weißschuh <linux at weissschuh.net>
---
Changes in v3:
- Rebase on v6.15-rc1
- Use openssl to calculate hash
- Avoid warning if no modules are built
- Simplify module_integrity_check() a bit
- Make incompatibility with INSTALL_MOD_STRIP explicit
- Update docs
- Add IMA cleanups
- Link to v2: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250120-module-hashes-v2-0-ba1184e27b7f@weissschuh.net

Changes in v2:
- Drop RFC state
- Mention interested parties in cover letter
- Expand Kconfig description
- Add compatibility with CONFIG_MODULE_SIG
- Parallelize module-hashes.sh
- Update Documentation/kbuild/reproducible-builds.rst
- Link to v1: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20241225-module-hashes-v1-0-d710ce7a3fd1@weissschuh.net

---
Thomas Weißschuh (9):
      powerpc/ima: Drop unnecessary check for CONFIG_MODULE_SIG
      ima: efi: Drop unnecessary check for CONFIG_MODULE_SIG/CONFIG_KEXEC_SIG
      kbuild: add stamp file for vmlinux BTF data
      kbuild: generate module BTF based on vmlinux.unstripped
      module: Make module loading policy usable without MODULE_SIG
      module: Move integrity checks into dedicated function
      module: Move lockdown check into generic module loader
      lockdown: Make the relationship to MODULE_SIG a dependency
      module: Introduce hash-based integrity checking

 .gitignore                                   |  1 +
 Documentation/kbuild/reproducible-builds.rst |  5 ++-
 Makefile                                     |  8 +++-
 arch/powerpc/kernel/ima_arch.c               |  3 +-
 include/asm-generic/vmlinux.lds.h            | 11 ++++++
 include/linux/module.h                       |  8 ++--
 include/linux/module_hashes.h                | 17 +++++++++
 kernel/module/Kconfig                        | 21 ++++++++++-
 kernel/module/Makefile                       |  1 +
 kernel/module/hashes.c                       | 56 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 kernel/module/internal.h                     |  8 +---
 kernel/module/main.c                         | 51 ++++++++++++++++++++++---
 kernel/module/signing.c                      | 24 +-----------
 scripts/Makefile.modfinal                    | 18 ++++++---
 scripts/Makefile.modinst                     |  4 ++
 scripts/Makefile.vmlinux                     |  5 +++
 scripts/link-vmlinux.sh                      | 31 ++++++++++++++-
 scripts/module-hashes.sh                     | 26 +++++++++++++
 security/integrity/ima/ima_efi.c             |  6 +--
 security/lockdown/Kconfig                    |  2 +-
 20 files changed, 250 insertions(+), 56 deletions(-)
---
base-commit: 0af2f6be1b4281385b618cb86ad946eded089ac8
change-id: 20241225-module-hashes-7a50a7cc2a30

Best regards,
-- 
Thomas Weißschuh <linux at weissschuh.net>