[PATCH v5 2/8] lkdtm/powerpc: Add test to hijack a patch mapping
Christopher M. Riedl
cmr at linux.ibm.com
Thu Aug 12 03:57:00 AEST 2021
On Thu Aug 5, 2021 at 4:13 AM CDT, Christophe Leroy wrote:
>
>
> Le 13/07/2021 à 07:31, Christopher M. Riedl a écrit :
> > When live patching with STRICT_KERNEL_RWX the CPU doing the patching
> > must temporarily remap the page(s) containing the patch site with +W
> > permissions. While this temporary mapping is in use, another CPU could
> > write to the same mapping and maliciously alter kernel text. Implement a
> > LKDTM test to attempt to exploit such an opening during code patching.
> > The test is implemented on powerpc and requires LKDTM built into the
> > kernel (building LKDTM as a module is insufficient).
> >
> > The LKDTM "hijack" test works as follows:
> >
> > 1. A CPU executes an infinite loop to patch an instruction. This is
> > the "patching" CPU.
> > 2. Another CPU attempts to write to the address of the temporary
> > mapping used by the "patching" CPU. This other CPU is the
> > "hijacker" CPU. The hijack either fails with a fault/error or
> > succeeds, in which case some kernel text is now overwritten.
> >
> > The virtual address of the temporary patch mapping is provided via an
> > LKDTM-specific accessor to the hijacker CPU. This test assumes a
> > hypothetical situation where this address was leaked previously.
> >
> > How to run the test:
> >
> > mount -t debugfs none /sys/kernel/debug
> > (echo HIJACK_PATCH > /sys/kernel/debug/provoke-crash/DIRECT)
> >
> > A passing test indicates that it is not possible to overwrite kernel
> > text from another CPU by using the temporary mapping established by
> > a CPU for patching.
> >
> > Signed-off-by: Christopher M. Riedl <cmr at linux.ibm.com>
> >
> > ---
> >
> > v5: * Use `u32*` instead of `struct ppc_inst*` based on new series in
> > upstream.
> >
> > v4: * Separate the powerpc and x86_64 bits into individual patches.
> > * Use __put_kernel_nofault() when attempting to hijack the mapping
> > * Use raw_smp_processor_id() to avoid triggering the BUG() when
> > calling smp_processor_id() in preemptible code - the only thing
> > that matters is that one of the threads is bound to a different
> > CPU - we are not using smp_processor_id() to access any per-cpu
> > data or similar where preemption should be disabled.
> > * Rework the patching_cpu() kthread stop condition to avoid:
> > https://lwn.net/Articles/628628/
> > ---
> > drivers/misc/lkdtm/core.c | 1 +
> > drivers/misc/lkdtm/lkdtm.h | 1 +
> > drivers/misc/lkdtm/perms.c | 134 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
> > 3 files changed, 136 insertions(+)
> >
> > diff --git a/drivers/misc/lkdtm/core.c b/drivers/misc/lkdtm/core.c
> > index 8024b6a5cc7fc..fbcb95eda337b 100644
> > --- a/drivers/misc/lkdtm/core.c
> > +++ b/drivers/misc/lkdtm/core.c
> > @@ -147,6 +147,7 @@ static const struct crashtype crashtypes[] = {
> > CRASHTYPE(WRITE_RO),
> > CRASHTYPE(WRITE_RO_AFTER_INIT),
> > CRASHTYPE(WRITE_KERN),
> > + CRASHTYPE(HIJACK_PATCH),
> > CRASHTYPE(REFCOUNT_INC_OVERFLOW),
> > CRASHTYPE(REFCOUNT_ADD_OVERFLOW),
> > CRASHTYPE(REFCOUNT_INC_NOT_ZERO_OVERFLOW),
> > diff --git a/drivers/misc/lkdtm/lkdtm.h b/drivers/misc/lkdtm/lkdtm.h
> > index 99f90d3e5e9cb..87e7e6136d962 100644
> > --- a/drivers/misc/lkdtm/lkdtm.h
> > +++ b/drivers/misc/lkdtm/lkdtm.h
> > @@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ void lkdtm_EXEC_USERSPACE(void);
> > void lkdtm_EXEC_NULL(void);
> > void lkdtm_ACCESS_USERSPACE(void);
> > void lkdtm_ACCESS_NULL(void);
> > +void lkdtm_HIJACK_PATCH(void);
> >
> > /* refcount.c */
> > void lkdtm_REFCOUNT_INC_OVERFLOW(void);
> > diff --git a/drivers/misc/lkdtm/perms.c b/drivers/misc/lkdtm/perms.c
> > index 2dede2ef658f3..39e7456852229 100644
> > --- a/drivers/misc/lkdtm/perms.c
> > +++ b/drivers/misc/lkdtm/perms.c
> > @@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
> > #include <linux/vmalloc.h>
> > #include <linux/mman.h>
> > #include <linux/uaccess.h>
> > +#include <linux/kthread.h>
> > #include <asm/cacheflush.h>
> >
> > /* Whether or not to fill the target memory area with do_nothing(). */
> > @@ -222,6 +223,139 @@ void lkdtm_ACCESS_NULL(void)
> > pr_err("FAIL: survived bad write\n");
> > }
> >
> > +#if (IS_BUILTIN(CONFIG_LKDTM) && defined(CONFIG_STRICT_KERNEL_RWX) && \
> > + defined(CONFIG_PPC))
>
>
> I think this test shouldn't be limited to CONFIG_PPC and shouldn't be
> limited to
> CONFIG_STRICT_KERNEL_RWX. It should be there all the time.
>
> Also why limiting it to IS_BUILTIN(CONFIG_LKDTM) ?
>
The test needs read_cpu_patching_addr() which definitely cannot be
exposed outside of the kernel (ie. builtin).
> > +/*
> > + * This is just a dummy location to patch-over.
> > + */
> > +static void patching_target(void)
> > +{
> > + return;
> > +}
> > +
> > +#include <asm/code-patching.h>
> > +const u32 *patch_site = (const u32 *)&patching_target;
> > +
> > +static inline int lkdtm_do_patch(u32 data)
> > +{
> > + return patch_instruction((u32 *)patch_site, ppc_inst(data));
> > +}
> > +
> > +static inline u32 lkdtm_read_patch_site(void)
> > +{
> > + return READ_ONCE(*patch_site);
> > +}
> > +
> > +/* Returns True if the write succeeds */
> > +static inline bool lkdtm_try_write(u32 data, u32 *addr)
> > +{
> > + __put_kernel_nofault(addr, &data, u32, err);
> > + return true;
> > +
> > +err:
> > + return false;
> > +}
> > +
> > +static int lkdtm_patching_cpu(void *data)
> > +{
> > + int err = 0;
> > + u32 val = 0xdeadbeef;
> > +
> > + pr_info("starting patching_cpu=%d\n", raw_smp_processor_id());
> > +
> > + do {
> > + err = lkdtm_do_patch(val);
> > + } while (lkdtm_read_patch_site() == val && !err && !kthread_should_stop());
> > +
> > + if (err)
> > + pr_warn("XFAIL: patch_instruction returned error: %d\n", err);
> > +
> > + while (!kthread_should_stop()) {
> > + set_current_state(TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE);
> > + schedule();
> > + }
> > +
> > + return err;
> > +}
> > +
> > +void lkdtm_HIJACK_PATCH(void)
> > +{
> > + struct task_struct *patching_kthrd;
> > + int patching_cpu, hijacker_cpu, attempts;
> > + unsigned long addr;
> > + bool hijacked;
> > + const u32 bad_data = 0xbad00bad;
> > + const u32 original_insn = lkdtm_read_patch_site();
> > +
> > + if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_SMP)) {
> > + pr_err("XFAIL: this test requires CONFIG_SMP\n");
> > + return;
> > + }
> > +
> > + if (num_online_cpus() < 2) {
> > + pr_warn("XFAIL: this test requires at least two cpus\n");
> > + return;
> > + }
> > +
> > + hijacker_cpu = raw_smp_processor_id();
> > + patching_cpu = cpumask_any_but(cpu_online_mask, hijacker_cpu);
> > +
> > + patching_kthrd = kthread_create_on_node(&lkdtm_patching_cpu, NULL,
> > + cpu_to_node(patching_cpu),
> > + "lkdtm_patching_cpu");
> > + kthread_bind(patching_kthrd, patching_cpu);
> > + wake_up_process(patching_kthrd);
> > +
> > + addr = offset_in_page(patch_site) | read_cpu_patching_addr(patching_cpu);
> > +
> > + pr_info("starting hijacker_cpu=%d\n", hijacker_cpu);
> > + for (attempts = 0; attempts < 100000; ++attempts) {
> > + /* Try to write to the other CPU's temp patch mapping */
> > + hijacked = lkdtm_try_write(bad_data, (u32 *)addr);
> > +
> > + if (hijacked) {
> > + if (kthread_stop(patching_kthrd)) {
> > + pr_info("hijack attempts: %d\n", attempts);
> > + pr_err("XFAIL: error stopping patching cpu\n");
> > + return;
> > + }
> > + break;
> > + }
> > + }
> > + pr_info("hijack attempts: %d\n", attempts);
> > +
> > + if (hijacked) {
> > + if (lkdtm_read_patch_site() == bad_data)
> > + pr_err("overwrote kernel text\n");
> > + /*
> > + * There are window conditions where the hijacker cpu manages to
> > + * write to the patch site but the site gets overwritten again by
> > + * the patching cpu. We still consider that a "successful" hijack
> > + * since the hijacker cpu did not fault on the write.
> > + */
> > + pr_err("FAIL: wrote to another cpu's patching area\n");
> > + } else {
> > + kthread_stop(patching_kthrd);
> > + }
> > +
> > + /* Restore the original data to be able to run the test again */
> > + lkdtm_do_patch(original_insn);
> > +}
> > +
> > +#else
> > +
> > +void lkdtm_HIJACK_PATCH(void)
> > +{
> > + if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_PPC))
> > + pr_err("XFAIL: this test only runs on powerpc\n");
> > + if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_STRICT_KERNEL_RWX))
> > + pr_err("XFAIL: this test requires CONFIG_STRICT_KERNEL_RWX\n");
> > + if (!IS_BUILTIN(CONFIG_LKDTM))
> > + pr_err("XFAIL: this test requires CONFIG_LKDTM=y (not =m!)\n");
> > +}
> > +
> > +#endif
> > +
> > void __init lkdtm_perms_init(void)
> > {
> > /* Make sure we can write to __ro_after_init values during __init */
> >
More information about the Linuxppc-dev
mailing list