[PATCH 4/4] mm/vmalloc: Hugepage vmalloc mappings

Anshuman Khandual anshuman.khandual at arm.com
Mon Jun 10 18:53:28 AEST 2019


On 06/10/2019 10:08 AM, Nicholas Piggin wrote:
> For platforms that define HAVE_ARCH_HUGE_VMAP, have vmap allow vmalloc to
> allocate huge pages and map them.

IIUC that extends HAVE_ARCH_HUGE_VMAP from iormap to vmalloc. 

> 
> This brings dTLB misses for linux kernel tree `git diff` from 45,000 to
> 8,000 on a Kaby Lake KVM guest with 8MB dentry hash and mitigations=off
> (performance is in the noise, under 1% difference, page tables are likely
> to be well cached for this workload). Similar numbers are seen on POWER9.

Sure will try this on arm64.

> 
> Signed-off-by: Nicholas Piggin <npiggin at gmail.com>
> ---
>  include/asm-generic/4level-fixup.h |   1 +
>  include/asm-generic/5level-fixup.h |   1 +
>  include/linux/vmalloc.h            |   1 +
>  mm/vmalloc.c                       | 132 +++++++++++++++++++++++------
>  4 files changed, 107 insertions(+), 28 deletions(-)
> 
> diff --git a/include/asm-generic/4level-fixup.h b/include/asm-generic/4level-fixup.h
> index e3667c9a33a5..3cc65a4dd093 100644
> --- a/include/asm-generic/4level-fixup.h
> +++ b/include/asm-generic/4level-fixup.h
> @@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
>  #define pud_none(pud)			0
>  #define pud_bad(pud)			0
>  #define pud_present(pud)		1
> +#define pud_large(pud)			0
>  #define pud_ERROR(pud)			do { } while (0)
>  #define pud_clear(pud)			pgd_clear(pud)
>  #define pud_val(pud)			pgd_val(pud)
> diff --git a/include/asm-generic/5level-fixup.h b/include/asm-generic/5level-fixup.h
> index bb6cb347018c..c4377db09a4f 100644
> --- a/include/asm-generic/5level-fixup.h
> +++ b/include/asm-generic/5level-fixup.h
> @@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
>  #define p4d_none(p4d)			0
>  #define p4d_bad(p4d)			0
>  #define p4d_present(p4d)		1
> +#define p4d_large(p4d)			0
>  #define p4d_ERROR(p4d)			do { } while (0)
>  #define p4d_clear(p4d)			pgd_clear(p4d)
>  #define p4d_val(p4d)			pgd_val(p4d)

Both of these are required from vmalloc_to_page() which as per a later comment
should be part of a prerequisite patch before this series.

> diff --git a/include/linux/vmalloc.h b/include/linux/vmalloc.h
> index 812bea5866d6..4c92dc608928 100644
> --- a/include/linux/vmalloc.h
> +++ b/include/linux/vmalloc.h
> @@ -42,6 +42,7 @@ struct vm_struct {
>  	unsigned long		size;
>  	unsigned long		flags;
>  	struct page		**pages;
> +	unsigned int		page_shift;

So the entire vm_struct will be mapped with a single page_shift. It cannot have
mix and match mappings with PAGE_SIZE, PMD_SIZE, PUD_SIZE etc in case the
allocation fails for larger ones, falling back etc what over other reasons.

>  	unsigned int		nr_pages;
>  	phys_addr_t		phys_addr;
>  	const void		*caller;
> diff --git a/mm/vmalloc.c b/mm/vmalloc.c
> index dd27cfb29b10..0cf8e861caeb 100644
> --- a/mm/vmalloc.c
> +++ b/mm/vmalloc.c
> @@ -36,6 +36,7 @@
>  #include <linux/rbtree_augmented.h>
>  
>  #include <linux/uaccess.h>
> +#include <asm/pgtable.h>
>  #include <asm/tlbflush.h>
>  #include <asm/shmparam.h>
>  
> @@ -440,6 +441,41 @@ static int vmap_pages_range(unsigned long start, unsigned long end,
>  	return ret;
>  }
>  
> +#ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_ARCH_HUGE_VMAP
> +static int vmap_hpages_range(unsigned long start, unsigned long end,

A small nit (if you agree) s/hpages/huge_pages/

> +				   pgprot_t prot, struct page **pages,

Re-order (prot <---> pages) just to follow the standard like before.

> +				   unsigned int page_shift)
> +{
> +	unsigned long addr = start;
> +	unsigned int i, nr = (end - start) >> (PAGE_SHIFT + page_shift);

s/nr/nr_huge_pages ?

Also should not we check for the alignment of the range [start...end] with
respect to (1UL << [PAGE_SHIFT + page_shift]).


> +
> +	for (i = 0; i < nr; i++) {
> +		int err;
> +
> +		err = vmap_range_noflush(addr,
> +					addr + (PAGE_SIZE << page_shift),
> +					__pa(page_address(pages[i])), prot,
> +					PAGE_SHIFT + page_shift);
> +		if (err)
> +			return err;
> +
> +		addr += PAGE_SIZE << page_shift;
> +	}
> +	flush_cache_vmap(start, end);
> +
> +	return nr;
> +}
> +#else
> +static int vmap_hpages_range(unsigned long start, unsigned long end,
> +			   pgprot_t prot, struct page **pages,
> +			   unsigned int page_shift)
> +{
> +	BUG_ON(page_shift != PAGE_SIZE);
> +	return vmap_pages_range(start, end, prot, pages);
> +}
> +#endif
> +
> +
>  int is_vmalloc_or_module_addr(const void *x)
>  {
>  	/*
> @@ -462,7 +498,7 @@ struct page *vmalloc_to_page(const void *vmalloc_addr)
>  {
>  	unsigned long addr = (unsigned long) vmalloc_addr;
>  	struct page *page = NULL;
> -	pgd_t *pgd = pgd_offset_k(addr);
> +	pgd_t *pgd;
>  	p4d_t *p4d;
>  	pud_t *pud;
>  	pmd_t *pmd;
> @@ -474,27 +510,38 @@ struct page *vmalloc_to_page(const void *vmalloc_addr)
>  	 */
>  	VIRTUAL_BUG_ON(!is_vmalloc_or_module_addr(vmalloc_addr));
>  
> +	pgd = pgd_offset_k(addr);
>  	if (pgd_none(*pgd))
>  		return NULL;
> +

Small nit. Stray line here.

'pgd' related changes here seem to be just cleanups and should not part of this patch.

>  	p4d = p4d_offset(pgd, addr);
>  	if (p4d_none(*p4d))
>  		return NULL;
> -	pud = pud_offset(p4d, addr);
> +#ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_ARCH_HUGE_VMAP
> +	if (p4d_large(*p4d))
> +		return p4d_page(*p4d) + ((addr & ~P4D_MASK) >> PAGE_SHIFT);
> +#endif
> +	if (WARN_ON_ONCE(p4d_bad(*p4d)))
> +		return NULL;
>  
> -	/*
> -	 * Don't dereference bad PUD or PMD (below) entries. This will also
> -	 * identify huge mappings, which we may encounter on architectures
> -	 * that define CONFIG_HAVE_ARCH_HUGE_VMAP=y. Such regions will be
> -	 * identified as vmalloc addresses by is_vmalloc_addr(), but are
> -	 * not [unambiguously] associated with a struct page, so there is
> -	 * no correct value to return for them.
> -	 */

What changed the situation so that we could return struct page for a huge
mapping now ? AFAICT even after this patch, PUD/P4D level huge pages can only
be created with ioremap_page_range() not with vmalloc() which creates PMD
sized mappings only. Hence if it's okay to dereference struct page of a huge
mapping (not withstanding the comment here) it should be part of an earlier
patch fixing it first for existing ioremap_page_range() huge mappings.

> -	WARN_ON_ONCE(pud_bad(*pud));
> -	if (pud_none(*pud) || pud_bad(*pud))
> +	pud = pud_offset(p4d, addr);
> +	if (pud_none(*pud))
> +		return NULL;
> +#ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_ARCH_HUGE_VMAP
> +	if (pud_large(*pud))
> +		return pud_page(*pud) + ((addr & ~PUD_MASK) >> PAGE_SHIFT);
> +#endif
> +	if (WARN_ON_ONCE(pud_bad(*pud)))
>  		return NULL;
> +
>  	pmd = pmd_offset(pud, addr);
> -	WARN_ON_ONCE(pmd_bad(*pmd));
> -	if (pmd_none(*pmd) || pmd_bad(*pmd))
> +	if (pmd_none(*pmd))
> +		return NULL;
> +#ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_ARCH_HUGE_VMAP
> +	if (pmd_large(*pmd))
> +		return pmd_page(*pmd) + ((addr & ~PMD_MASK) >> PAGE_SHIFT);
> +#endif
> +	if (WARN_ON_ONCE(pmd_bad(*pmd)))
>  		return NULL;

At each page table level, we are checking in this order

pXX_none() --> pXX_large() --> pXX_bad()

Are not these alternative orders bit better

pXX_bad() --> pXX_none() --> pXX_large()

Or

pXX_none() --> pXX_bad() --> pXX_large()

Checking for pXX_bad() at the end does not make much sense.

>  
>  	ptep = pte_offset_map(pmd, addr);
> @@ -502,6 +549,7 @@ struct page *vmalloc_to_page(const void *vmalloc_addr)
>  	if (pte_present(pte))
>  		page = pte_page(pte);
>  	pte_unmap(ptep);
> +

Small nit. Stray line here.

>  	return page;
>  }
>  EXPORT_SYMBOL(vmalloc_to_page);
> @@ -2185,8 +2233,9 @@ static struct vm_struct *__get_vm_area_node(unsigned long size,
>  		return NULL;
>  
>  	if (flags & VM_IOREMAP)
> -		align = 1ul << clamp_t(int, get_count_order_long(size),
> -				       PAGE_SHIFT, IOREMAP_MAX_ORDER);
> +		align = max(align,
> +				1ul << clamp_t(int, get_count_order_long(size),
> +				       PAGE_SHIFT, IOREMAP_MAX_ORDER));
>  
>  	area = kzalloc_node(sizeof(*area), gfp_mask & GFP_RECLAIM_MASK, node);
>  	if (unlikely(!area))
> @@ -2398,7 +2447,7 @@ static void __vunmap(const void *addr, int deallocate_pages)
>  			struct page *page = area->pages[i];
>  
>  			BUG_ON(!page);
> -			__free_pages(page, 0);
> +			__free_pages(page, area->page_shift);

area->page_shift' turns out to be effective page order. I think the name here is bit
misleading. s/page_shift/page_order or nr_pages should be better IMHO. page_shift is
not actual shift (1UL << area->shift to get size) nor does it sound like page 'order'.

>  		}
>  
>  		kvfree(area->pages);
> @@ -2541,14 +2590,17 @@ static void *__vmalloc_area_node(struct vm_struct *area, gfp_t gfp_mask,
>  				 pgprot_t prot, int node)
>  {
>  	struct page **pages;
> +	unsigned long addr = (unsigned long)area->addr;
> +	unsigned long size = get_vm_area_size(area);
> +	unsigned int page_shift = area->page_shift;
> +	unsigned int shift = page_shift + PAGE_SHIFT;
>  	unsigned int nr_pages, array_size, i;
>  	const gfp_t nested_gfp = (gfp_mask & GFP_RECLAIM_MASK) | __GFP_ZERO;
>  	const gfp_t alloc_mask = gfp_mask | __GFP_NOWARN;
>  	const gfp_t highmem_mask = (gfp_mask & (GFP_DMA | GFP_DMA32)) ?
> -					0 :
> -					__GFP_HIGHMEM;
> +					0 : __GFP_HIGHMEM;
>  
> -	nr_pages = get_vm_area_size(area) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
> +	nr_pages = size >> shift;
>  	array_size = (nr_pages * sizeof(struct page *));
>  
>  	area->nr_pages = nr_pages;
> @@ -2569,10 +2621,8 @@ static void *__vmalloc_area_node(struct vm_struct *area, gfp_t gfp_mask,
>  	for (i = 0; i < area->nr_pages; i++) {
>  		struct page *page;
>  
> -		if (node == NUMA_NO_NODE)
> -			page = alloc_page(alloc_mask|highmem_mask);
> -		else
> -			page = alloc_pages_node(node, alloc_mask|highmem_mask, 0);
> +		page = alloc_pages_node(node,
> +				alloc_mask|highmem_mask, page_shift);

alloc_mask remains the exact same like before even for these high order pages.

>  
>  		if (unlikely(!page)) {
>  			/* Successfully allocated i pages, free them in __vunmap() */
> @@ -2584,8 +2634,9 @@ static void *__vmalloc_area_node(struct vm_struct *area, gfp_t gfp_mask,
>  			cond_resched();
>  	}
>  
> -	if (map_vm_area(area, prot, pages))
> +	if (vmap_hpages_range(addr, addr + size, prot, pages, page_shift) < 0)
>  		goto fail;
> +
>  	return area->addr;
>  
>  fail:
> @@ -2619,22 +2670,39 @@ void *__vmalloc_node_range(unsigned long size, unsigned long align,
>  			pgprot_t prot, unsigned long vm_flags, int node,
>  			const void *caller)
>  {
> -	struct vm_struct *area;
> +	struct vm_struct *area = NULL;
>  	void *addr;
>  	unsigned long real_size = size;
> +	unsigned long real_align = align;
> +	unsigned int shift = PAGE_SHIFT;
>  
>  	size = PAGE_ALIGN(size);
>  	if (!size || (size >> PAGE_SHIFT) > totalram_pages())
>  		goto fail;
>  
> +	if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_HAVE_ARCH_HUGE_VMAP)) {
> +		unsigned long size_per_node;
> +
> +		size_per_node = size;
> +		if (node == NUMA_NO_NODE)
> +			size_per_node /= num_online_nodes();
> +		if (size_per_node >= PMD_SIZE)
> +			shift = PMD_SHIFT;

There are two problems here.

1. Should not size_per_node be aligned with PMD_SIZE to avoid wasting memory later
   because of alignment upwards (making it worse for NUMA_NO_NODE)
2. What about PUD_SIZE which is not considered here at all
3. We should have similar knobs like ioremap controlling different size huge mappings

static int __read_mostly ioremap_p4d_capable;
static int __read_mostly ioremap_pud_capable;
static int __read_mostly ioremap_pmd_capable;
static int __read_mostly ioremap_huge_disabled;

while also giving arch a chance to weigh in through similar overrides like these.

arch_ioremap_[pud|pmd]_supported() ---> probably unifying it for vmalloc() 
 
> +	}
> +again:
> +	align = max(real_align, 1UL << shift);
> +	size = ALIGN(real_size, align);
> +
>  	area = __get_vm_area_node(size, align, VM_ALLOC | VM_UNINITIALIZED |
>  				vm_flags, start, end, node, gfp_mask, caller);
>  	if (!area)
>  		goto fail;
>  
> +	area->page_shift = shift - PAGE_SHIFT;
> +
>  	addr = __vmalloc_area_node(area, gfp_mask, prot, node);
>  	if (!addr)
> -		return NULL;
> +		goto fail;
>  
>  	/*
>  	 * In this function, newly allocated vm_struct has VM_UNINITIALIZED
> @@ -2648,8 +2716,16 @@ void *__vmalloc_node_range(unsigned long size, unsigned long align,
>  	return addr;
>  
>  fail:
> -	warn_alloc(gfp_mask, NULL,
> +	if (shift == PMD_SHIFT) {
> +		shift = PAGE_SHIFT;
> +		goto again;
> +	}

PUD_SHIFT should be accommodated here as well while falling back to lower
mapping sizes in case previous allocation attempt fails.


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