[PATCH V8 07/10] powerpc, perf: Enable SW filtering in branch stack sampling framework

Anshuman Khandual khandual at linux.vnet.ibm.com
Mon Jun 8 21:38:28 AEST 2015


This patch enables SW based post processing of BHRB captured branches
to be able to meet more user defined branch filtration criteria in perf
branch stack sampling framework. These changes increase the number of
branch filters and their valid combinations on any powerpc64 server
platform with BHRB support. Find the summary of code changes here.

(1) struct cpu_hw_event

Introduced two new variables track various filter values and mask

(a) bhrb_sw_filter      Tracks SW implemented branch filter flags
(b) bhrb_filter         Tracks both (SW and HW) branch filter flags

(2) Event creation

Kernel will figure out supported BHRB branch filters through a PMU
call back 'bhrb_filter_map'. This function will find out how many of
the requested branch filters can be supported in the PMU HW. It will
not try to invalidate any branch filter combinations. Event creation
will not error out because of lack of HW based branch filters.
Meanwhile it will track the overall supported branch filters in the
'bhrb_filter' variable.

Once the PMU call back returns kernel will process the user branch
filter request against available SW filters (bhrb_sw_filter_map) while
looking at the 'bhrb_filter'. During this phase all the branch filters
which are still pending from the user requested list will have to be
supported in SW failing which the event creation will error out.

(3) SW branch filter

During the BHRB data capture inside the PMU interrupt context, each
of the captured 'perf_branch_entry.from' will be checked for compliance
with applicable SW branch filters. If the entry does not conform to the
filter requirements, it will be discarded from the final perf branch
stack buffer.

(4) Supported SW based branch filters

(a) PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_ANY_RETURN
(b) PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_IND_CALL
(c) PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_ANY_CALL
(d) PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_COND

Please refer the patch to understand the classification of instructions
into these branch filter categories.

(5) Multiple branch filter semantics

Book3 sever implementation follows the same OR semantics (as implemented
in x86) while dealing with multiple branch filters at any point of time.
SW branch filter analysis is carried on the data set captured in the PMU
HW. So the resulting set of data (after applying the SW filters) will
inherently be an AND with the HW captured set. Hence any combination of
HW and SW branch filters will be invalid. HW based branch filters are
more efficient and faster compared to SW implemented branch filters. So
at first the PMU should decide whether it can support all the requested
branch filters itself or not. In case it can support all the branch
filters in an OR manner, we dont apply any SW branch filter on top of the
HW captured set (which is the final set). This preserves the OR semantic
of multiple branch filters as required. But in case where the PMU cannot
support all the requested branch filters in an OR manner, it should not
apply any it's filters and leave it upto the SW to handle them all. Its
the PMU code's responsibility to uphold this protocol to be able to
conform to the overall OR semantic of perf branch stack sampling framework.

Signed-off-by: Anshuman Khandual <khandual at linux.vnet.ibm.com>
---
 arch/powerpc/include/asm/perf_event_server.h |   7 +-
 arch/powerpc/perf/core-book3s.c              | 188 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
 arch/powerpc/perf/power8-pmu.c               |   2 +-
 3 files changed, 191 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/arch/powerpc/include/asm/perf_event_server.h b/arch/powerpc/include/asm/perf_event_server.h
index 8146221..cb7ca1a 100644
--- a/arch/powerpc/include/asm/perf_event_server.h
+++ b/arch/powerpc/include/asm/perf_event_server.h
@@ -38,7 +38,8 @@ struct power_pmu {
 				unsigned long *valp);
 	int		(*get_alternatives)(u64 event_id, unsigned int flags,
 				u64 alt[]);
-	u64             (*bhrb_filter_map)(u64 branch_sample_type);
+	u64             (*bhrb_filter_map)(u64 branch_sample_type,
+							u64 *bhrb_filter);
 	void            (*config_bhrb)(u64 pmu_bhrb_filter);
 	void		(*disable_pmc)(unsigned int pmc, unsigned long mmcr[]);
 	int		(*limited_pmc_event)(u64 event_id);
@@ -80,6 +81,10 @@ extern unsigned long perf_misc_flags(struct pt_regs *regs);
 extern unsigned long perf_instruction_pointer(struct pt_regs *regs);
 extern unsigned long int read_bhrb(int n);
 
+#define for_each_branch_sample_type(x) \
+		for ((x) = PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_USER; \
+			(x) < PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_MAX; (x) <<= 1)
+
 /*
  * Only override the default definitions in include/linux/perf_event.h
  * if we have hardware PMU support.
diff --git a/arch/powerpc/perf/core-book3s.c b/arch/powerpc/perf/core-book3s.c
index 080b038..9a682c9 100644
--- a/arch/powerpc/perf/core-book3s.c
+++ b/arch/powerpc/perf/core-book3s.c
@@ -53,6 +53,8 @@ struct cpu_hw_events {
 
 	/* BHRB bits */
 	u64				bhrb_hw_filter;	/* BHRB HW filter */
+	u64				bhrb_sw_filter;	/* BHRB SW filter */
+	u64				bhrb_filter;	/* Branch filter mask */
 	int				bhrb_users;
 	void				*bhrb_context;
 	struct	perf_branch_stack	bhrb_stack;
@@ -421,6 +423,84 @@ void update_branch_entry(struct cpu_hw_events *cpuhw,
 	cpuhw->bhrb_entries[index].predicted = ~pred;
 }
 
+/**
+ * check_instruction - Instruction opcode analysis
+ * @addr:	Instruction address
+ * @sw_filter:	SW branch filter
+ *
+ * Analyse instruction opcodes and classify them into various
+ * branch filter options available. This follows the standard
+ * semantics of OR which means that instructions which conforms
+ * to any of the requested branch filters get picked up.
+ */
+static bool check_instruction(unsigned int *addr, u64 sw_filter)
+{
+	if (sw_filter & PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_ANY_RETURN) {
+		if (instr_is_return_branch(*addr))
+			return true;
+	}
+
+	if (sw_filter & PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_IND_CALL) {
+		if (instr_is_indirect_func_call(*addr))
+			return true;
+	}
+
+	if (sw_filter & PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_ANY_CALL) {
+		if (instr_is_func_call(*addr))
+			return true;
+	}
+
+	if (sw_filter & PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_COND) {
+		if (instr_is_conditional_branch(*addr))
+			return true;
+	}
+	return false;
+}
+
+/**
+ * keep_branch - Whether the branch conforms to applicable filter
+ * @from:	From address
+ * @sw_filter	SW branch filter
+ *
+ * Access the instruction contained in the address and then check
+ * whether it complies with the applicable SW branch filters.
+ */
+static bool keep_branch(u64 from, u64 sw_filter)
+{
+	unsigned int instr;
+	bool ret;
+
+	/*
+	 * The "from" branch for every branch record has to go
+	 * through this filter verification. So this quick check
+	 * here for no SW filters will improve performance.
+	 */
+	if (sw_filter == 0)
+		return true;
+
+	if (is_kernel_addr(from)) {
+		return check_instruction((unsigned int *) from, sw_filter);
+	} else {
+		/*
+		 * Userspace address needs to be
+		 * copied first before analysis.
+		 */
+		pagefault_disable();
+		ret =  __get_user_inatomic(instr, (unsigned int __user *) from);
+
+		/*
+		 * If the instruction could not be accessible
+		 * from user space, we still 'okay' the entry.
+		 */
+		if (ret) {
+			pagefault_enable();
+			return true;
+		}
+		pagefault_enable();
+		return check_instruction(&instr, sw_filter);
+	}
+}
+
 /* Processing BHRB entries */
 static void power_pmu_bhrb_read(struct cpu_hw_events *cpuhw)
 {
@@ -484,6 +564,11 @@ static void power_pmu_bhrb_read(struct cpu_hw_events *cpuhw)
 			tmp = power_pmu_bhrb_to(addr);
 			update_branch_entry(cpuhw, u_index, addr, tmp, pred);
 		}
+
+		/* Apply SW branch filters and drop the entry if required */
+		if (!keep_branch(cpuhw->bhrb_entries[u_index].from,
+						cpuhw->bhrb_sw_filter))
+			u_index--;
 		u_index++;
 	}
 	cpuhw->bhrb_stack.nr = u_index;
@@ -681,6 +766,79 @@ static void pmao_restore_workaround(bool ebb)
 }
 #endif /* CONFIG_PPC64 */
 
+/* SW implemented branch filters */
+static unsigned int power_sw_filter[] = { PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_USER,
+					  PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_KERNEL,
+					  PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_HV,
+					  PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_ANY_CALL,
+					  PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_COND,
+					  PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_ANY_RETURN,
+					  PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_IND_CALL };
+
+/**
+ * all_filters_covered - Whether requested filters covered
+ * @branch_sample_type:	Requested branch sample filter
+ * @bhrb_filter:	Branch Filters covered through SW and HW
+ *
+ * Validate whether all the user requested branch filters are getting
+ * processed either in the PMU HW or in SW.
+ */
+static int all_filters_covered(u64 branch_sample_type, u64 bhrb_filter)
+{
+	u64 x;
+
+	if (bhrb_filter == PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_ANY)
+		return true;
+
+	for_each_branch_sample_type(x) {
+		if (!(branch_sample_type & x))
+			continue;
+		/*
+		 * Requested filter not available either
+		 * in PMU or in SW.
+		 */
+		if (!(bhrb_filter & x))
+			return false;
+	}
+	return true;
+}
+
+/**
+ * bhrb_sw_filter_map - Required SW based branch filters
+ * @branch_sample_type:	Requested branch sample type
+ * @bhrb_filter:	Branch filters covered through HW
+ *
+ * This is called after figuring out what all branch filters the PMU HW
+ * supports for the requested branch filter set. Here we will go through
+ * all the SW implemented branch filters one by one and pick them up if
+ * its not already supported in the PMU.
+ */
+static u64 bhrb_sw_filter_map(u64 branch_sample_type, u64 *bhrb_filter)
+{
+	u64 branch_sw_filter = 0;
+	unsigned int i;
+
+	if (branch_sample_type & PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_ANY) {
+		WARN_ON(*bhrb_filter != PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_ANY);
+		return branch_sw_filter;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * PMU supported branch filters must be implemented in SW
+	 * when the PMU is unable to process them for some reason.
+	 */
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(power_sw_filter); i++) {
+		if (branch_sample_type & power_sw_filter[i]) {
+			if (!(*bhrb_filter & power_sw_filter[i])) {
+				branch_sw_filter |= power_sw_filter[i];
+				*bhrb_filter |= power_sw_filter[i];
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return branch_sw_filter;
+}
+
 static void perf_event_interrupt(struct pt_regs *regs);
 
 /*
@@ -1345,6 +1503,8 @@ static void power_pmu_enable(struct pmu *pmu)
 	mmcr0 = ebb_switch_in(ebb, cpuhw);
 
 	mb();
+
+	/* Enable PMU based branch filters */
 	if (cpuhw->bhrb_users)
 		ppmu->config_bhrb(cpuhw->bhrb_hw_filter);
 
@@ -1454,8 +1614,12 @@ nocheck:
  out:
 	if (has_branch_stack(event)) {
 		power_pmu_bhrb_enable(event);
-		cpuhw->bhrb_hw_filter = ppmu->bhrb_filter_map(
-					event->attr.branch_sample_type);
+		cpuhw->bhrb_hw_filter = ppmu->bhrb_filter_map
+					(event->attr.branch_sample_type,
+							&cpuhw->bhrb_filter);
+		cpuhw->bhrb_sw_filter = bhrb_sw_filter_map
+					(event->attr.branch_sample_type,
+							&cpuhw->bhrb_filter);
 	}
 
 	perf_pmu_enable(event->pmu);
@@ -1838,11 +2002,27 @@ static int power_pmu_event_init(struct perf_event *event)
 
 	err = power_check_constraints(cpuhw, events, cflags, n + 1);
 
+	/*
+	 * BHRB branch filters implemented in PMU will take
+	 * effect when we enable the event and data set
+	 * collected thereafter will be compliant with those
+	 * branch filters. Where as the SW branch filters will
+	 * be applied during the post processing of BHRB data.
+	 */
 	if (has_branch_stack(event)) {
+		/* Query available PMU branch filter support */
 		cpuhw->bhrb_hw_filter = ppmu->bhrb_filter_map(
-					event->attr.branch_sample_type);
+					event->attr.branch_sample_type,
+					&cpuhw->bhrb_filter);
+
+		/* Query available SW branch filter support */
+		cpuhw->bhrb_sw_filter = bhrb_sw_filter_map(
+					event->attr.branch_sample_type,
+					&cpuhw->bhrb_filter);
 
-		if (cpuhw->bhrb_hw_filter == -1) {
+		/* Check overall coverage of branch filter request */
+		if (!all_filters_covered(event->attr.branch_sample_type,
+							cpuhw->bhrb_filter)) {
 			put_cpu_var(cpu_hw_events);
 			return -EOPNOTSUPP;
 		}
diff --git a/arch/powerpc/perf/power8-pmu.c b/arch/powerpc/perf/power8-pmu.c
index a6c6a2c..5e17cb5 100644
--- a/arch/powerpc/perf/power8-pmu.c
+++ b/arch/powerpc/perf/power8-pmu.c
@@ -654,7 +654,7 @@ static int power8_generic_events[] = {
 	[PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_MISSES] =			PM_LD_MISS_L1,
 };
 
-static u64 power8_bhrb_filter_map(u64 branch_sample_type)
+static u64 power8_bhrb_filter_map(u64 branch_sample_type, u64 *bhrb_filter)
 {
 	/* BHRB and regular PMU events share the same privilege state
 	 * filter configuration. BHRB is always recorded along with a
-- 
2.1.0



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