[PATCH 4/6] Have x86_64 use add_active_range() and free_area_init_nodes

Mel Gorman mel at csn.ul.ie
Mon May 22 01:50:02 EST 2006 

On Sat, 20 May 2006, Andrew Morton wrote:

> Mel Gorman <mel at csn.ul.ie> wrote:
>>
>>
>> Size zones and holes in an architecture independent manner for x86_64.
>>
>>
>
> I found a .config which triggers the cant-map-acpitables problem.
>
>
> With that .config, and without this patch:
>
> Linux version 2.6.17-rc4-mm2 (akpm at box) (gcc version 4.1.0 20060304 (Red Hat 4.6
> BIOS-provided physical RAM map:
> BIOS-e820: 0000000000000000 - 000000000009fc00 (usable)
> BIOS-e820: 000000000009fc00 - 00000000000a0000 (reserved)
> BIOS-e820: 00000000000e0000 - 0000000000100000 (reserved)
> BIOS-e820: 0000000000100000 - 00000000ca605000 (usable)
> BIOS-e820: 00000000ca605000 - 00000000ca680000 (ACPI NVS)
> BIOS-e820: 00000000ca680000 - 00000000cb5ef000 (usable)
> BIOS-e820: 00000000cb5ef000 - 00000000cb5fc000 (reserved)
> BIOS-e820: 00000000cb5fc000 - 00000000cb6a2000 (usable)
> BIOS-e820: 00000000cb6a2000 - 00000000cb6eb000 (ACPI NVS)
> BIOS-e820: 00000000cb6eb000 - 00000000cb6ef000 (usable)
> BIOS-e820: 00000000cb6ef000 - 00000000cb6ff000 (ACPI data)
> BIOS-e820: 00000000cb6ff000 - 00000000cb700000 (usable)
> BIOS-e820: 00000000cb700000 - 00000000cc000000 (reserved)
> BIOS-e820: 00000000ffe00000 - 0000000100000000 (reserved)
> BIOS-e820: 0000000100000000 - 0000000130000000 (usable)
> DMI 2.4 present.
> ACPI: PM-Timer IO Port: 0x408
> ACPI: LAPIC (acpi_id[0x01] lapic_id[0x00] enabled)
> Processor #0 6:15 APIC version 20
> ACPI: LAPIC (acpi_id[0x02] lapic_id[0x01] enabled)
> Processor #1 6:15 APIC version 20
> ACPI: LAPIC (acpi_id[0x03] lapic_id[0x82] disabled)
> ACPI: LAPIC (acpi_id[0x04] lapic_id[0x83] disabled)
> ACPI: LAPIC_NMI (acpi_id[0x01] dfl dfl lint[0x1])
> ACPI: LAPIC_NMI (acpi_id[0x02] dfl dfl lint[0x1])
> ACPI: IOAPIC (id[0x02] address[0xfec00000] gsi_base[0])
> IOAPIC[0]: apic_id 2, version 32, address 0xfec00000, GSI 0-23
> ACPI: INT_SRC_OVR (bus 0 bus_irq 0 global_irq 2 dfl dfl)
>
>
> With that .config, and with this patch:
>
> Bootdata ok (command line is ro root=LABEL=/ earlyprintk=serial,ttyS0,9600,keep netconsole=4444 at 192.168.2.4/eth0,5147 at 192.168.2.33/00:0D:56:C6:C6:CC)
> Linux version 2.6.17-rc4-mm2 (akpm at box) (gcc version 4.1.0 20060304 (Red Hat 4.1.0-3)) #33 SMP Sat May 20 12:08:03 PDT 2006
> BIOS-provided physical RAM map:
> BIOS-e820: 0000000000000000 - 000000000009fc00 (usable)
> BIOS-e820: 000000000009fc00 - 00000000000a0000 (reserved)
> BIOS-e820: 00000000000e0000 - 0000000000100000 (reserved)
> BIOS-e820: 0000000000100000 - 00000000ca605000 (usable)
> BIOS-e820: 00000000ca605000 - 00000000ca680000 (ACPI NVS)
> BIOS-e820: 00000000ca680000 - 00000000cb5ef000 (usable)
> BIOS-e820: 00000000cb5ef000 - 00000000cb5fc000 (reserved)
> BIOS-e820: 00000000cb5fc000 - 00000000cb6a2000 (usable)
> BIOS-e820: 00000000cb6a2000 - 00000000cb6eb000 (ACPI NVS)
> BIOS-e820: 00000000cb6eb000 - 00000000cb6ef000 (usable)
> BIOS-e820: 00000000cb6ef000 - 00000000cb6ff000 (ACPI data)
> BIOS-e820: 00000000cb6ff000 - 00000000cb700000 (usable)
> BIOS-e820: 00000000cb700000 - 00000000cc000000 (reserved)
> BIOS-e820: 00000000ffe00000 - 0000000100000000 (reserved)
> BIOS-e820: 0000000100000000 - 0000000130000000 (usable)
> Too many memory regions, truncating
> Too many memory regions, truncating
> Too many memory regions, truncating
> DMI 2.4 present.
> ACPI: Unable to map RSDT header
> Intel MultiProcessor Specification v1.4
>    Virtual Wire compatibility mode.
> OEM ID:  Product ID:  APIC at: 0xFEE00000
>
> ACPI disables itself.
>

ok, not good but at least it's certain. I had been lulled into a false 
sense of security when Christian's machine was still not able to boot with 
the patch backed out. I still have not reproduced the problem locally, but 
I don't have an x86_64 with so many holes either.

> Good .config: http://www.zip.com.au/~akpm/linux/patches/stuff/config-good
> Bad .config: http://www.zip.com.au/~akpm/linux/patches/stuff/config-bad
>
>
> The handling of MAX_ACTIVE_REGIONS is unpleasing, sorry.  In my setup it is
> 5.  But we _really_ only support 4 regions.  So for a start it is misnamed.
> The maximum number of regions we support is actually MAX_ACTIVE_REGIONS-1.
> And this is a config option too!  So the user must specify
> CONFIG_MAX_ACTIVE_REGIONS as the number of active regions plus one, for the
> terminating region which has end_pfn=0.  It's weird.
>

That's a fair comment. I'll put more thought into the definition of 
MAX_ACTIVE_REGIONS and how it is used.

> I would not consider this code to be adequately commented.  Please raise a
> patch which comments the major functions - what they do, why they do it,
> any caveats or implementations details.  A few lines each - don't overdo
> it.  Details such as whether the various end_pfn's are inclusive or
> exclusive are important, as is a description of the return value.
>

Understood. Right now, the closest thing to an explanation is a comment in 
include/linux/mm.h but it is not very detailed.

> Anyway, I just don't get how this code can work.  We have an e820 map with
> up to 128 entries (this machine has ten) and we're trying to scrunch that
> all into the four-entry early_node_map[].
>

Missing E820MAX was a mistake. On x86_64, CONFIG_MAX_ACTIVE_REGIONS should 
have been used. I didn't expect x86_64 to have so many memory holes.

> With config-good we're set up for NUMA, CONFIG_NODES_SHIFT=6.  So
> MAX_ACTIVE_REGIONS is enormous.  But it's quite wrong that we're using
> number-of-zones*number-of-nodes to size a data structure which has to
> accommodate all the entries in the e820 map.  These things aren't related.
>

Very true.

>
> On my little x86 PC:
>
> BIOS-provided physical RAM map:
> BIOS-e820: 0000000000000000 - 000000000009bc00 (usable)
> BIOS-e820: 000000000009bc00 - 000000000009c000 (reserved)
> BIOS-e820: 00000000000e0000 - 0000000000100000 (reserved)
> BIOS-e820: 0000000000100000 - 000000000ffc0000 (usable)
> BIOS-e820: 000000000ffc0000 - 000000000fff8000 (ACPI data)
> BIOS-e820: 000000000fff8000 - 0000000010000000 (ACPI NVS)
> BIOS-e820: 00000000fec00000 - 00000000fec01000 (reserved)
> BIOS-e820: 00000000fee00000 - 00000000fee01000 (reserved)
> BIOS-e820: 00000000ffb80000 - 00000000ffc00000 (reserved)
> BIOS-e820: 00000000fff00000 - 0000000100000000 (reserved)
> 0MB HIGHMEM available.
> 255MB LOWMEM available.
> found SMP MP-table at 000ff780
> Range (nid 0) 0 -> 65472, max 4
> On node 0 totalpages: 65472
>  DMA zone: 4096 pages, LIFO batch:0
>  Normal zone: 61376 pages, LIFO batch:15
>
> So here, the architecture code only called add_active_range() the once, for
> the entire memory map.

Because in this case, the architecture reported that there was just one 
range of available pages with no holes.

> But on the x86_64 add_active_range() was called once per e820 entry. 
> I'm dimly starting to realise that this is perhaps the problem - the 
> weird-looking definition of MAX_ACTIVE_REGIONS _expects_ the 
> architecture to call add_active_range() with a start_pfn/end_pfn which 
> describes the entire range of pfns for each zone in each node. Even if 
> that span includes not-present pfns.  Would that be correct?

Not quite and the confusion is because of how I defined 
MAX_ACTIVE_REGIONS. The calculation for it is similar to how i386 using 
SRAT calculates MAX_CHUNKS;

#define MAX_CHUNKS_PER_NODE     4
#define MAXCHUNKS               (MAX_CHUNKS_PER_NODE * MAX_NUMNODES)

which has little bearing on any other arch.

What is meant to happen is that add_active_range() is called for every 
range of physical page frames where real memory is, regardless of what 
zone they are in. On x86_64, the ranges are discovered by walking the e820 
map in e820_register_active_ranges(). Once it is known where physical 
memory is, the holes can be figured out. If I have;

Range (nid 0) 0 -> 100
Range (nid 0) 200 -> 400

I know there is a memory hole of 100 pages. The end PFN of each zone is 
passed to free_area_init_nodes(). By walking the early_node_map[], it can 
be discovered what the size of the zone and the holes are.

> I didn't see
> a comment in there describing this design (I do go on).
>

I'll address that issue.

> If so, perhaps the bug is that the x86_64 code isn't doing that.  And that
> x86 isn't doing it for some people either.
>

I'm hoping in this case that having MAX_ACTIVE_REGIONS match E820MAX will 
fix the issue on your machine. I'm still confused why Christian's failed 
to boot with the patch backed out though.

> Anyway.  From the implementation I can see what the code is doing.  But I
> see no description of what it is _supposed_ to be doing.  (The process of
> finding differences between these two things is known as "debugging").  I
> could kludge things by setting MAX_ACTIVE_REGIONS to 1000000, but enough.
> I look forward to the next version ;)
>

I'll start working on it. Thanks a lot.

-- 
Mel Gorman
Part-time Phd Student                          Linux Technology Center
University of Limerick                         IBM Dublin Software Lab

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